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Abstract: The main aim of this project was to study muscle activity patterns during steep uphill cycling (UC) (i.e., with a gradient of 20%) with (1) normal saddle geometry and (2) with adjusted saddle position ASP (i.e., moving the saddle forward and changing the tilt of the saddle by 20%). Based on our preliminary case study, we hypothesized that: (1) during 20% UC muscle activity patterns would be different from those of level cycling (LC) and (2) during 20% UC with ASP muscle activity patterns would resemble those of LC. Twelve trained male cyclists were tested on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer under three conditions with the same work rate (80% of maximal power output) and cadence (90 rpm): level (LC), 20% UC and 20% UC with ASP. Electromyographic signals were acquired from m. tibialis anterior (TA), m. soleus (SO), m. gastrocnemius (GC), m. vastus lateralis (VL), m. vastus medialis (VM), m. rectus femoris (RF), m. biceps femoris (BF) and m. gluteus maximus (GM). Compared to LC, 20% UC significantly modified both the timing and the intensity of activity of the selected muscles, while muscles that cross the hip joint were the most affected (RF later onset, earlier offset, shorter range of activity and decrease in peak amplitude of 34%; BF longer range of activity; GM increase in peak amplitude of 44%). These changes in EMG patterns during 20% UC were successfully counteracted by the use of ASP and it was interesting to observe that the use of ASP during 20% UC was perceived positively by all cyclists regarding both comfort and performance. These results could have a practical relevance in terms of improving performance during UC, together with reducing discomfort
Keywords: cycling, electromyography, bicycle geometry, muscular coordination
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 4805; Downloads: 150
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Abstract: Prispevek obravnava avtonomijo v šolskem sistemu. Predstavljenih je nekaj osnovnih pojmovanj avtonomije in njenega pomena za šolski sistem. V drugem delu je podana študija primera, ki na podlagi kvalitativne metodologije raziskuje avtonomijo, kot jo sprejemajo in vidijo ravnatelji, učitelji in minister. Pokaže se, da imajo udeleženci raziskave omejen pogled na avtonomijo v celotnem sistemu. Vidljivost znotraj sistema povezuje, izziva in ločuje. Omejena vidljivost ustvari koncept "plavajoče" in spreminjajoče se avtonomije, ki je blizu postmodernističnemu razumevanju organizacij in s tem sol, ter navidezno predstavlja prehod od kolektivnega in timskega k individualnemu. Pri razumevanju avtonomije je pomembno, da upoštevamo razmerje med dano in sprejeto avtonomijo.
Keywords: izobraževanje, avtonomija
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 7240; Downloads: 187
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Keywords: kakovost, kupci, procesi, zadovojstvo
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 3145; Downloads: 163
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Keywords: vzgojno-izobraževalni zavodi, ustanovitelji, management, vodenje, odločanje, svet zavoda, avtonomija
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 3490; Downloads: 190
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Keywords: kapital, ravnatelji, učitelji, izobraževanje, učenje, poučevanje
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 4271; Downloads: 76
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