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22. "Češkoslovaško-italijanska mala vojna" : mednarodne razsežnosti prvega tržaškega procesa in reakcije na ČeškoslovaškemBorut Klabjan, 2006, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The article presents the less known side of the First Trial of Trieste, undoubtedly one of the milestones in the history of Slovenes and Croatians in the Venezia Giulia region of that time. The execution of four Slovenes who had resorted to violence in resisting Fascist politics and were consequently sentenced to death by shooting, reverberated in the international public as well. Mussolini wanted to have done with the defendants completely; but not only that, the sensationalism of the trial had another, wider significance forthe Italian duce - his aim was to use the trial process to demonstrate the solidity of his regime. Such behaviour already hinted at more aggressive and unconcealed imperialistic politics of Italy in the Danube-Balkans area that would start taking its final shape in the 1930s. The illegal activities of the defendants have been treated by many historians already, and the trial itself has been the subject of various thorough studies so far; therefore, the present study chooses to lend special attention to the international extent of the trial, it being one of the events that had the strongest repercussions within the Yugoslav-Italian disputes in the period between the two world wars. In those weeks of 1930, the trial was covered by numerous newspapers. Since the process and especially the verdict made the greatest stir in Czechoslovakia, the study takes a more thorough look at the events taking place in and the opinions coming from this country. A large majority of the press manifestly condemned the Italian regime, taking the side of the 'Yugoslav minority', and the public, under the influence of the press, assumed a similar standpoint. Demonstrations and protests took place. Official politics, on the other hand, were more composed: Czechoslovak diplomacy, led by Beneš, apologized to the Italian government and within a few weeks silenced the anti-Italian campaign. In addition to numerous newspaper articles mentioned in the study, the information on the evaluation of the official politics is undoubtedly of the greatest interest. In his own report, the Czechoslovak Consul to Trieste, Krbec, related the reports by all the other diplomats present at the Trial as well. The death verdict gave rise to protests and demonstrations throughout Czechoslovakia, and the Slovenes also received support from the United States of America, especially in the form of memoranda. The newspaper campaign ended after a few weeks, but the grudges between the two states remained. This is partly evident from Mussolini's bearing in the following years, and when in 1938, along with western democracies, he consented to the takeover of the Czechoslovak border areas by Hitler's Germany.
Ključne besede: zgodovina, prvi tržaški proces, Češkoslovaška, Italija, fašizem, Trst, Primorska, mednarodna politika, javno mnenje
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 3087; Prenosov: 35
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24. Pojem vpliv in krmiljenje javnomnenjskih procesovPeter Sekloča, 2007, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The article conceptualises influence in order to follow principles of open and egalitarian public discussion, which enables to test the integrative potential of influence; at the same time functional understanding of influenceas a steering medium is reflected as an opposing concept. One of the more innovative conceptualisations of influence has been presented by an American sociologist Leon Mayhew, who has combined Parsons' concept of influence as a steering medium and Habermas' concept of influence as a condensed form of communication. In Mayhew's theory the public opinion processis a self integrating functional system, in which influence is a steering medium, which steers decisions of the public with intrinsic sanctions. Here comes to the fore the discrepancy between two concepts of the public: between the two-step model of elite and passive public and between more egalitarian model of the public. It is of course possible to explain influence from the system point of view; however, it is assumed that in the egalitarian and free public sphere the agreement is not steered with sanctions and trust. The process will rather be driven with recognition of differences, as shows Moscovici's theory of social representations. From this perspective, antagonisms are the motor of the society and the cause of the communication in the public sphere. Mayhew's concept of influence is thus supplemented with a more dynamic conceptualisation of influence in which levers of persuasion even enhance communication. Namely, influence is the cause of conflict and in this case intrinsic sanctions do not automatize decisions of the members of the public. In the improved model, which presupposes free access to the public sphere, influence could not be conceptualized as a steering medium
Ključne besede: javno mnenje, vpliv, krmilni medij, konflikt
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 3288; Prenosov: 56
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25. O zgodovinskih sporih in preobratih v teorijah javnega mnenjaSlavko Splichal, 2007, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper discusses the conceptual heterogeneity in the field of 'public opinion' in the light of a distinction between positions that reflect public opinion as a democratic-emancipatory category and positions that consider public opinion from an 'anthropological' perspective - as an semi-institutional resource of social control. The paper discusses the main characteristics and implications of these two different perspectives in conceptualizing public opinion, primarily the questions of the differences between publicly expressed opinions and public opinion, subject/ivity of public opinion (public opinions vs. opinion of the public), and the controversial relation of public opinion to democracy and surveillance. The argument is made that in the two centuries following Bentham's and Kant's codification of the principle of publicity, none of the fundamental controversies has been resolved. Although the belief that the establishment of a public opinion polling industry homogenized and stablized the definition of public opinion is widely accepted by pollsters, the facts rather prove the contrary: despite the enormous quantities of money and attention devoted to public opinion polling, there are few theoretical perspectives to guide research on the role of public opinion in the political process, which is primarily a consequence of the fact that consistent and operationally valid definitions of the concept 'public opinion' are still missing. There are no signs of 'reconciliation' between normative-theoretical and empirical-statistical perspectives; on the contrary, it seems that Wilson was right when 45 years ago he stated that the differences between those who 'believe in scientific study alone' and those who see in the study of public opinion a possibility of advancement of rational and humane goals can hardly disappear
Ključne besede: javno mnenje, javnost, publiciteta, demokracija, nadzorovanje, mnenjske poizvedbe
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 2239; Prenosov: 29
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26. Mnenja o migrantih v tisku : potreba po korektivu javnomnenjskega raziskovanjaMojca Pajnik, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: When dealing with public opinion as a variable phenomenon, different opinions,concerning a certain issue, must be addressed, which form on various grounds and do not only reflect "public opinion" represented in longitudinal opinion poll researches as a sum of individual expressed opinions. The analysis is focused on the discoursive consideration of opinions, concerning migrants/migrations, published in Slovene printed media (2001-2003) and results of opinion polls concerning this topic appearing in the media. In the first phase, the interpretative genres - commentary and readers' letters - are discussed as units of the sample, while in the second phase published texts covering results of opinion polls concerning migrations are examined. The analysis of the emergence of opinions regarding migrations in the media will demonstrate the multidimensionality of the process of opinion-formation and the heterogeneity of opinions. The assumption that opinion poll researches do not address the diversity of opinions to a sufficient degree is examined and the need to establish certain methodological corrections in public opinion research is emphasised as such corrections could help to determine the variety of opinions and provide a more precise understanding of public opinion
Ključne besede: javno mnenje, anketno raziskovanje, diskurzivna analiza, metodološki korektiv, migracije
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 2993; Prenosov: 53
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