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Keywords: metabolic syndrome, biomarkers, amino acids
Published in RUP: 09.08.2016; Views: 4197; Downloads: 90
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Abstract: Background. Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures.Materials and methods. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death.Results. Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70).Conclusions. Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.
Keywords: myoblasts, irradiation, proliferation, interleukin 6, muscle regeneration, apoptosis
Published in RUP: 30.12.2015; Views: 3928; Downloads: 150
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Keywords: radiation effects, neuromuscular junction, muscle satellite cells, aging
Published in RUP: 10.07.2015; Views: 3743; Downloads: 142
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Abstract: Uvod: Problemi sedečega načina sodobnega življenja se kažejo v fizioloških odzivih, tako pri starejših kot tudi pri mlajših ljudeh. Cilj raziskave je bilugotoviti odziv morfoloških in skeletno-mišičnih značilnosti ter izgubo funkcionalnih sposobnosti ohranjanja ravnotežja po 35-dnevni popolni gibalni nedejavnosti in zagotovljeni uravnoteženi prehrani glede na njeno sestavo in preiskovančevo telesno težo. Metode: Deset moških preiskovancev (starih 24,32,6 let) je v bolnišničnem okolju preležalo 35 dni v vodoravnem položaju. Fiziološke odzive telesa smo vrednotili z merjenji telesne, maščobne in mišične mase, mineralne vsebnosti sprednje golenske kosti, togosti trebuha dveh funkcionalno različnih glav antigravitacijske mišice in sposobnost ohranjanja ravnotežja. Rezultati: Preiskovanci so v povprečju značilno izgubili 0,97 % (P=0,001) telesne teže, 4,1 % (P=0,009) mišične mase in 1,7 % (P=0,000) mineralne gostote tibialne kosti ter pridobili 1,4 % (P<0,000) maščobne mase. Mišična togost se je značilno zmanjšala od 8. dne ležanja (P=0,006) dalje pri distalni in že od 1. dneva (P=0,007) dalje pri proksimalniglavi notranje stegenske mišice ter se 14. dan po zaključku BR vrnila v izhodiščno stanje le pri distalni glavi. Po zaključku BR in dan kasneje smo ugotovili značilno izgubo ohranjanja ravnotežja za 9,5 % (P=0,006), in 17,4 % (P=0,000), medtem ko 14. dan po zaključku ležanja ni biloveč značilnih razlik. Zaključek: Povzamemo lahko, da z uravnoteženo prehrano lahko omejimo izgubo telesne teže in pridobivanje maščobne mase, vendar ne moremo zmanjšati izgube mišične mase ter mineralne vsebnosti tibialne kosti. Ugotovili smo, da se mišična togost zmanjšuje v dveh časovno zakasnjenih procesih. Sposobnost ohranjanja ravnotežja je zmanjšana v vsaj prvih 24 urah po zaključku ležanja.
Keywords: popolna gibalna neaktivnost, okoljska fiziologija, tenziomiografija, ravnotežje, morfologija, kostna mineralna vsebnost, mišična togost
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 4419; Downloads: 87
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Abstract: Cachexia-anorexia syndrome is a common and important indicator of cancer. It occurs in 30% to 80% of cancer patients. Cachexia means "bad condition" and may be present in the early stages of tumor growth, before any signs of malignancy. Cancer cachexia is a syndrome of progressive body wasting, characterized by loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. In most cancer patients, cachexia is characteriyed by anorexia, which implies a failure of food intake, regulated through a complex system of hormones and neuropeptides. A decline in food intake relative to energy expenditure is a fundamental physiologic derangement leading to cancer associated weight loss. The weight loss in patients with cachexia-anorexia syndrome differs from that in caloric starvation or anorexia nervosa. The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia is not fully understood; however, studies have shown that cytokines are important in the alteration of the carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Cancer, prolonged bed rest, HIV infection and aging are conditionsin which muscle wasting is a common feature. An intervention that may potentially attenuate the progression of muscle wasting in cancer patientsis resistance exercise training, defined as multiple repetitions of static or dynamic muscular contractions that increase muscle mass. The main components of the pathological state of cachexia are anorexia and metabolic abnormalities such as fat depletion and muscle protein catabolism. Future developments may concentrate on the molecular abnormalities of cachexia and on examination of the functional benefit of resistance exercise training for cancer related muscle wasting.
Keywords: cancer cachexia, muscle wasting, cytokines, muscle
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 4008; Downloads: 94
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