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32. Tax wedge on labourPrimož Dolenc, Milan Vodopivec, 2005, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: When taxes on labor are introduced the tax wedge between labor costs paid by employer (gross wage) and net wage received by employee appears. At a certain level of wage, higher tax wedge on labor increases unemployment and decreases employment, ceteris paribus. The paper tackles with thee main questions: characteristics of tax wedge on labor, unemployment and employment rate in OECD countries in near past, tax wedge on labor policy in EU15 and new EU members and tax system and its effects on unemployment and employment rate in Slovenia. We found that OECD countries can be classified in two groups of countries if tax wedge on labor, unemployment rate and employment rate are taken into consideration. First group is high tax wedge, high unemployment rate and low employment rate group of countries, whereas the other group has alternative characteristics. European member states (old and new) have on average higher tax burden on labor than OECD average, consequentlz suffering from higher unemployment rates. Slovenia has unreasonably high tax wedge on labor; in EU onlz Belgium and Germany have a higher tax burden. According to previous and our empirical findings we suggest that Slovenia could benefit from lowering tax wedge.
Keywords: economic policy, tax wedge, Slovenia, European Union, OECD
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 5846; Downloads: 84
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33. The status of a rare phylogeographic lineage of the vulnerable European souslik Spermophilus citellus, endemic to central MacedoniaBoris Kryštufek, Peter Glasnović, Svetozar Petkovski, 2012, short scientific article Abstract: The conversion of grasslands for agriculture has triggered a serious decline of the European ground squirrel or souslik Spermophilus citellus, categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996. The Jakupica phylogeographic lineage of central Macedonia is the smallest of the three major evolutionary lines of the European souslik. This lineage is an important reservoir of within-species diversity and should be regarded as an independent unit for conservation management purposes. It is endemic to Mount Jakupica, where it lives in mountain pastures at 1,500-2,250m altitude. The total area occupied by sousliks (884 ha) is fragmented and 94% of individuals occur in four colonies. Densities (0.8-5.5 adults ha-1) are lower than those reported elsewhere for the species, with the total population probably ,2,000 adults. One large colony, reportedly of c. 1,000 sousliks, was decimated in 2007 by a catastrophic fire and had still not recovered bz 2010. A steady decline in livestock grazing, together with the predicted advance of the tree line as a consequence of climate change, will probably reduce the optimal habitat for the souslik and negatively affect population fitness. Monitoring needs to be implemented, at least for the largest colonies, to provide early warning of any declines
Keywords: Spermophilus citellus, souslik, European souslik, density, endemic, distance sampling, fragmentation, Macedonia
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 4174; Downloads: 69
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34. Labour taxation and its impact on employment growthPrimož Dolenc, Suzana Laporšek, 2012, original scientific article Abstract: The paper aims to assess the characteristics of labour taxation for five different groups of workers and labour market performance (in terms of employment and unemployment rate) in the EU and to examine whether tax wedge affects employment growth in the EU. The descriptive empirical estimates show that the level of labour taxation varies greatly across EU Member States, by which the tax wedge tends to be higher among New Member States (excluding Cyprus and Malta). Furthermore, the panel regression analyses confirm statistically significant negative relationship between tax wedge and employment growth in the EU as a whole. Therefore, the empirical analysis suggests that the EU-27 should continue with the trend of reducing tax wedge, as this would have favourable effects on labour market performance, especially among New Member States.
Keywords: labour taxation, employment growth, labour market, economic policy, European Union
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 3188; Downloads: 64
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38. No evidence for host specialization or host-race formation in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a fish that parasitizes freshwater musselsM. Reichard, Josef Bryja, M. Polačik, Carl Smith, 2011, original scientific article Keywords: coevolution, animal parasites, cuckoo, speciation, symbiosis, Rhodeus amarus, European bitterling, freshwater mussels
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 2729; Downloads: 274
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39. Flexicurity policies and their association with productivity in the European UnionPrimož Dolenc, Suzana Laporšek, 2013, original scientific article Abstract: The paper examines the issue of flexicurity in the EU Member States and studies the association between flexicurity policy components (i.e. employment protection legislation, lifelong learning programs, active and passive labour market policies) and labour and total factor productivity growth in 20 EU Member States over the 19912008 period. The empirical analysis pointed on the existence of large differences in the level of implementation of flexicurity policies across EU Member States, by which the least successful are NMS, especially with regard to active labour market and lifelong learning programs. As regards the relation between flexicurity variables and productivity growth, panel regression estimates showed that active labour market policies and participation in lifelong learning programs have a statistically significant positive association with labour and total factor productivity growth. On the other hand, rigid employment protection and high expenditures for passive labour market policies negatively relate to productivity growth.
Keywords: flexicutiry, labour market, productivity, European Union
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 3406; Downloads: 108
Full text (332,79 KB) |
