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Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to explore the development of the child's storytelling, an important ability of the child's pragmatic use of language, within the broader context of the child's language development. Taking into account several already established criteria (e.g. Fein, 1995; Stein, 1997), we defined key elements for evaluating developmental levels of the child's storytelling, specifically in terms of story coherence and cohesion. The coherence of a story refers to its structure and the connection between different parts of the story. The cohesion refers to the construction of the story. The criteria for evaluating the coherence of the child's story were divided into five different developmental levels: 1. a story without a structure; 2. a story with a structure and simple descriptions of the illustrations; 3. a story with a structure and simple temporal ection sequences; 4. a story with a structure and descriptions of the characters' thoughts, emotions or the relations among them; 5. a story with a structure and causal goal-based sequence of events. The criteria for evaluating the coherence of the story were referring to the thematic arrangement (linear arrangement with and without thematic leaps) of the story and the means for preserving the reference (literal repetition and repetition with pronouns). Assuming that children of different ages do not possess the same concept of story, we used the criteria developed in the first part to analyze and compare 45 stories told by four-, six-, and eight-year-old boys and girls. The children were first read a story from a picture book and then asked to retell it freely while looking at pictures in the book. The results show differences among age groups both in story content and structure and as such support the significance of storytelling as an educational method for language development with consideration of the child's developmental abilities.
Keywords: pripovedovanje zgodb, razvojne stopnje, razvojna psihologija, razvoj jezika, starostne razlike
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 4012; Downloads: 43
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Abstract: Evropa se je v zadnjem desetletju zavedla, da tudi na področju visokega šolstva obstaja konkurenca, predvsem zaradi agresivnega nastopa ameriških dodiplomskih in podiplomskih programov. Začela je z dejavnostmi za povečanje privlačnosti študija v Evropi, predvsem za domače študente, pa tudi za študente z drugih celin. Dvig kakovosti študija hkrati preprečuje "beg možganov" na druge celine in deluje kot magnet za njihove najboljše talente. Z uresničevanjem "Evrope znanja" želi doseči sinergičen učinek in tako boljšo konkurenčnost v svetovnem merilu. To se uresničuje z dokumenti, ki so za podpisnike večinoma moralno zavezujoči (deklaracije). V njih so določene smernice za razvoj visokošolske dejavnosti oz. za dvig kakovosti visokošolskega izobraževanja. Ker tudi država v svoji "supervizijski" vlogi le določa temeljno visokošolsko politiko, ostaja odločitev o upoštevanju teh smernic v glavnem v pristojnosti posamezne ustanove ali, natančneje, njenega managementa. V članku bom po kronološkem zaporedju navedla dokumente, ki so nekakšni mejniki pri oblikovanju teh smernic.
Keywords: visoko šolstvo, evropske razvojne smernice, mobilnost kadrov
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 3117; Downloads: 80
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