20.500.12556/RUP-21504 Sport-specific shoulder rotator adaptations strength, range of motion, and asymmetries in female volleyball and handball athletes This study aimed to compare isometric strength, range of motion (RoM), and strength ratios of shoulder internal and external rotators between female volleyball and hand ball players Twenty-five volleyball players (age = 21.8 ± 4.8 years, height = 178.5 ± 7.1 cm, mass = 69.3 ± 7.7 kg) and twenty-four handball players (age = 19.5 ± 2.9 years, height = 169.7 ± 6.4 cm, mass = 67.6 ± 8.4 kg), all competing in the Slovenian 1st national league, participated. Maximal isometric strength and passive RoM of internal and external rotation were measured bilaterally using a handheld dynamometer and goniometer, respectively. A significant group × side interaction was observed for internal rotation RoM (F = 5.41; p = 0.024; η2 = 0.10), with volleyball players showing lower RoM on the dominant side (p = 0.001; d = 0.89), but this was not the case for handball players (p = 0.304). External rotation strength also showed a significant interaction (F = 9.34; p = 0.004; η2 = 0.17); volleyball players were stronger in the non-dominant arm (p = 0.033), while handball players were stronger in the dominant arm (p = 0.041). The external-to-internal rotation strength ratio was significantly lower on the dominant side in volleyball players compared to handball players (p = 0.047; d = 0.59). Findings suggest sport-specific adaptations and asymmetries in shoulder function, emphasizing the need for sport-specific and individually tailored injury prevention strategies. Volleyball players, in particular, may benefit from targeted strengthening of external rotators and flexibility training to address imbalances. isometric testing joint asymmetry injury prevention overhead athletes muscle balance izometrična jakost asimetrije v moči preventiva poškodb metalni športi mišično ravnovesje true false false Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2025-07-31 21:41:16 2025-07-31 21:41:18 2025-08-01 03:03:24 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 13 str. iss. 8, [article no.] 1211 Vol. 17 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova NiDoloceno apc 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-01-01 796.3 2073-8994 10.3390/sym17081211 244510723 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/8/1211 1 5458f41d-6e46-11f0-8f0b-005056ac49c0 https://repozitorij.upr.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31266 https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081211 1 54ca50f4-6e46-11f0-8f0b-005056ac49c0 https://repozitorij.upr.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31267 RAZ_Lenart_Manca_2025.pdf RAZ_Lenart_Manca_2025.pdf 1 F1DB4644325A2836779FA6F53E21B197 3df508073d4cf7f62a00cd205bf81759144767514ee1f86913f2b897aac4d94e 71e54eae-6e46-11f0-8f0b-005056ac49c0 https://repozitorij.upr.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31268 Fakulteta za vede o zdravju 0 0 0