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The Impact of Demographic Dynamics on Household Saving in Pre-COVID-19 South Africa
Afamefuna Emmanuel Nwogbo, Joel Hinaunye Eita, Sivan Chetty, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: This paper examines the effect of demographic dynamics on household saving in pre-COVID-19 South Africa, across all nine provinces of South Africa. The study used panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality methods. The results revealed a longrun relationship between demographic dynamics and household saving in South Africa, showing that the White working age population had a significant effect on South Africa’s household saving in both the long-run and short-run, while the Black and Coloured working age population groups significantly impacted household saving only in the long-run. However, the Asian/Indian working age population had no effect on household saving in either the long run or short run. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality analysis revealed a bidirectional causality running between Asian/Indian, Black, and Coloured population groups and household saving, while a unidirectional causality was found running from the White population group to household saving.
Keywords: demographics, working age population, aged/elderly population, life-cycle hypothesis, household saving, panel ARDL, Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality
Published in RUP: 18.12.2025; Views: 411; Downloads: 0
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Slow gait speed is associated with frailty in older adults from nursing homes
Martin Šporin, Dorjana Zerbo Šporin, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: Age-related frailty is a condition of diminished physiological reserves that increases the risk of falls, disability, hospitalisation and mortality. Frailty is usually associated with a lack of physical activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether a frail phenotype can be identified by gait speed. 94 older residents (83.6 ± 7.9 years, 68% women) from Slovenian nursing homes were included as study participants in this cross-sectional study. Frailty was assessed using Fried's Frailty Phenotype Protocol and gait speed was measured over a distance of 4.5 m. We used relative risk to determine whether gait speed was an indicator of frailty. Most of the residents were pre-frail (63%) or frail (16%). Gait speed was significantly lower in the frail group by -0.21 s (U = 331.5; p < 0.001) and a gait speed ≤ 0.457 m/s increased the risk of frailty by 40% (RR=1.40 (CI 1.15-1.70); p=0.0008). We suggest using gait speed as a simple indicator of potential frailty in nursing homes. Persons at risk should be included in a detailed diagnosis and advised on suitable measures. In particular, physical activity seems to prevent the occurrence of frailty
Keywords: aged, nursing homes, geriatric syndrome, exercise
Published in RUP: 26.07.2025; Views: 957; Downloads: 33
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