1. Comparison of Unity and FMOD Libraries for Spatial Audio Localization in Virtual RealityGašper Leskovec, Eva Gaberšček, Jaka Sodnik, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Spatial audio is central to immersion and situational awareness in virtual reality (VR), but the performance differences between diferent audio engines have not been sufficiently explored. This study compares Unity’s integrated spatial audio system and the FMOD engine in a controlled VR sound localisation task. Thirty volunteers completed three levels of 16 trials each while wearing a head-mounted display (Oculus Quest). They were randomly assigned to one of the two systems and asked to identify the direction of an active loudspeaker among several virtual sources. We measured localisation accuracy, reaction time, spatial distance error and cumulative head rotation; learning effects were assessed by comparing the first and third stages. Participants using FMOD achieved slightly higher accuracy (93% vs 87% overall) and turned their heads less, suggesting that FMOD made it easier for users to localise sounds in space, while Unity users showed greater variability and a slightly greater learning gain. About two-thirds of participants improved their accuracy over time, but there were significant individual differences. These results suggest that both engines perform similarly well on basic localisation tasks, although FMOD has slight advantages in spatial accuracy. The work highlights the importance of evaluating spatial audio engines in user-centred studies and emphasises the need to consider personal factors and task complexity in future research.
Keywords: Virtual Reality, Spatial Audio, Sound Localization, Unity, FMOD, Immersion, User Experience
Published in RUP: 30.01.2026; Views: 135; Downloads: 0
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3. Perception of people with visual impairmentsMateja Maljevac, 2025, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: Blindness, partial sightedness, and cortical/cerebral visual impairment pose complex challenges and are difficult to define in a single manner. In the Slovenian school system, the pedagogical definition focuses on the specific visual abilities of children, serving as the basis for adapting the educational process and creating an inclusive environment. Children with visual impairments require content that offers an alternative to visual information, enabling them to participate actively in society. The development of tactile perception has a key role in their holistic development; through play and interaction, they learn about the world around them. Extended curriculum activities should promote concrete and language-rich experiences, as this enables the comprehension of fundamental concepts. Effective strategies for working with children with visual impairments include tactile modelling and audio description, which facilitate children’s exploration and interpretation of information. Audio description enhances the accessibility of cultural resources, while tactile content promotes the development of fine motor skills. Together, these elements create a supportive framework that fosters children’s independence and success. The conscious design of learning content and adaptation of teaching methods are crucial for successfully including children with visual impairments in the modern education system.
Keywords: people with visual impairments, tactile content, audio description, children with visual impairments
Published in RUP: 15.09.2025; Views: 448; Downloads: 6
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