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Abstract: This paper examines the data on AI adoption in European companies by analysing how different indicators of digital readiness, technological infrastructure and organisational capacity contribute to the successful integration of AI. The study analyses data from 31 European countries and uses fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify three different pathways to AI adoption: digital maturity (a combination of high digital intensity, internet access and ICT security), technology-based readiness (based on in-house data analytics, cloud computing and ICT specialists) and capability-based empowerment (through ICT training alongside ICT staff and ICT security). The results show that multiple configurations can lead to effective AI adoption, underlining the principle of equivalence. The findings underscore the important role of ICT security across all pathways and suggest that workforce development is able to compensate for infrastructural gaps. Some practical guidance for businesses and policy makers are also provided.
Keywords: AI adoption, digital transformation, fsQCA, ICT security, data analytics, cloud computing, ICT skills training, European enterprises
Published in RUP: 04.03.2026; Views: 352; Downloads: 3
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