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ESG, Risk Management and SMEs : What Are the Potential Links? An Empirical Analysis of Friulia S.p.A.’s Investment Portfolio
Tommaso Cortivo, 2015, published scientific conference contribution

Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) financed by Friulia S.p.A., a privately managed institutional investor under public control of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. Using data collected through a structured questionnaire, we build a synthetic indicator of ESG activation through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which captures the degree to which firms internalise sustainability practices. The first three principal components extracted through PCA represent distinct ESG dimensions and are used, separately, as dependent variables in Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions, with environmental certification and firm size as explanatory factors. Results show that the presence of an environmental certification is significantly associated with stronger ESG activation – particularly along the operational dimension – confirming its role as a key driver of structured sustainability practices. By contrast, firm size does not emerge as a significant predictor, suggesting that financial support (equity, specifically) from a professional investor may offset resource disparities across SMEs. Secondary ESG dimensions related to governance and residual social behaviours are not explained by structural variables, pointing instead to cultural and organisational factors. The findings contribute to the literature on SME sustainability by demonstrating that certifications serve as both signalling and learning tools, while also providing practical guidance for policymakers and public investors on how to design effective strategies to support the ESG transition of SMEs.
Keywords: SMEs, ESG, certification, PCA, risk management, sustainability, Friulia S.p.A.
Published in RUP: 04.03.2026; Views: 297; Downloads: 19
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Governance failure and wildfire escalation : a multi-level analysis of institutional preparedness, corruption, and emergency response
Daraz Umar, Štefan Bojnec, Younas Khan, 2026, original scientific article

Abstract: Wildfire escalation is increasingly threatening ecosystems and communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, particularly in forest and rangeland landscapes where eco- logical flammability interacts with human activity. While environmental and climatic drivers are well studied, governance factors remain underexplored despite their decisive role in shaping how ecological risk translates into disasters. Regional forests show consid- erable ecological diversity, including chir pine-dominated stands, mixed temperate conifer forests, broadleaved oak-associated systems, and shrub rangeland mosaics, each differing in fuel structure and fire behavior. Dependence on fuelwood collection, grazing, and forest access further influences ignition probability and fire spread. This study examines how governance failures influence wildfire risk and severity through a Governance-Fire Risk Framework. Governance is treated as a determining institutional condition affecting prevention capacity, regulation of hazardous land use, fuel management, and emergency response effectiveness. A cross-sectional survey of 540 stakeholders from rural (Dir Lower, Dir Upper) and peri-urban districts (Swat, Mansehra, Abbottabad) was analyzed using SPSS (version 26) and AMOS (version 24) (CFA and SEM). Governance failure significantly escalates wildfire risk through delayed emergency response, regulatory non-compliance, political interference, and weak institutional coordination. Institutional preparedness and response capacity reduce risks, whereas corruption intensifies them. Corruption functions through illegal land conversion, diversion of fire management resources, procurement irregularities, nepotistic staffing, and selective enforcement, increasing ignition sources, fuel accumulation, and response delays. Rural districts show stronger governance-fire linkages. Wildfire escalation in KP is governance-driven in interaction with ecological conditions and community dependence on forest resources. Effective mitigation requires anti-corruption measures, rapid response systems, stronger enforcement, and improved preparedness. The study offers a transferable governance-focused framework for wildfire management in fire-prone developing regions.
Keywords: wildfires risk escalation, governance failure, institutional preparedness, corruption, emergency response, fire management, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Published in RUP: 27.02.2026; Views: 363; Downloads: 5
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Managing suicidal patients in clinical practice
Angelo De Gioannis, Diego De Leo, 2012, original scientific article

Keywords: clinical management, suicidal patients, community environment, risk factors, treatment
Published in RUP: 15.10.2015; Views: 4597; Downloads: 321
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Obravnava obvladovanja valutnega tveganja v slovenskih nefinančnih družbah
Marijana Mladenović, 2006, master's thesis

Keywords: foreign exchange rate, currency risk, risk management, hedging, financial derivates, risk management policy, effectiveness
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 9695; Downloads: 111
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