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Cultural narratives, social norms, and psychological stigma : a study of mental health help-seeking behavior in Peshawar, Pakistan
Daraz Umar, Štefan Bojnec, Younas Khan, Zakir Hussain, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: Introduction: Mental health stigma remains a major barrier to accessing psychiatric care worldwide, with pronounced effects in culturally traditional societies such as Peshawar, Pakistan. In the Pashtun cultural context, the code of Pashtunwali—an honor-based system—shapes social attitudes and behaviors, potentially influencing mental health help-seeking patterns. This study examines how cultural narratives, social norms, and stigma interact to affect help-seeking behavior in this sociocultural setting. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a stratified random sample of 400 adults aged 19 years and above in Peshawar. Data were collected using culturally validated instruments, including the Mental Illness Stigma Scale (MISS) and a Social Norms Scale. Bivariate analyses employed simple linear regression and binary logistic regression to examine individual relationships between variables. Multivariate analyses, including multiple linear regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), were used to assess combined effects and mediation pathways. Results: Cultural narratives had a positive impact on help-seeking behavior, explaining 42% of its variance. Stigma showed a significant negative association, decreasing help-seeking likelihood by 26% for each unit increase. Social norms demonstrated a positive association with help-seeking behavior and indirectly reduced stigma. Collectively, these variables accounted for 68% of the variance in help-seeking likelihood. Discussion: The findings highlight the pivotal role of culturally resonant narratives and supportive social norms rooted in Pashtunwali in improving mental health service utilization. Addressing stigma while reinforcing positive cultural frameworks can substantially enhance help-seeking behavior in Peshawar and similar sociocultural contexts.
Keywords: cultural narratives, mental health stigma, social norms, psychiatric help, structural equation modeling (SEM)
Published in RUP: 28.08.2025; Views: 646; Downloads: 4
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Stališča in prepričanja Slovencev do oseb s sindromom odvisnosti od alkohola : diplomska naloga
Kaja Erjavec, 2021, undergraduate thesis

Keywords: sindrom odvisnosti od alkohola, Slovenci, stigma
Published in RUP: 20.12.2021; Views: 3257; Downloads: 150
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Stigma na področju duševnega zdravja: raziskave na slovenskem in italijanskem območju : diplomska naloga
Ivana Nanut, 2019, undergraduate thesis

Keywords: duševno zdravje, zdravstvena nega, stigma
Published in RUP: 09.07.2019; Views: 5242; Downloads: 210
.pdf Full text (962,49 KB)

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Prisotnost stigme do oseb z duševno motnjo med zdravstvenimi delavci : diplomska naloga
Karmen Koren, 2014, undergraduate thesis

Keywords: stigma, izobraževanje, zdravstveni delavci
Published in RUP: 18.03.2019; Views: 5114; Downloads: 105
.pdf Full text (526,50 KB)

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