1. How valid are wearable devices in team sports? : a systematic reviewNebojša Čokorilo, Nikola Manolopoulos, Tamara Matijević, Ranko Rajović, 2026, review article Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the validity and accuracy of wearable technologies used for monitoring physiological metrics in team-sport athletes. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases, with additional studies identified through supplementary searching. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included if they assessed wearable devices in team-sport populations and compared their measurements with gold-standard methods. A total of eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that heart rate monitoring demonstrates consistently high validity across different wearable devices, particularly in controlled laboratory conditions. In contrast, energy expenditure estimation shows substantial variability and systematic underestimation, especially during high-intensity and intermittent activities typical of team sports. VO2max estimation presents mixed validity depending on device type and testing protocol, while respiratory frequency measurement demonstrates high agreement with gold-standard methods when assessed using specialized devices. Overall, wearable technologies provide valuable insights into athlete monitoring; however, their accuracy varies considerably depending on the physiological parameter and testing environment. These findings highlight the need for improved validation protocols and caution in the application of wearable-derived data in high-performance team-sport settings.
Keywords: physiological monitoring, team sport athletes, heart rate, energy expenditure, VO2max, inertial sensors, validation studies
Published in RUP: 30.06.2026; Views: 337; Downloads: 9
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2. How to prevent technological issues and maximise technologies acceptance by users before implementing large-scale pilots : pre-validation within the Horizon 2020 Pharaon projectIsabelle Lesterpt, Erika Rovini, Filippo Cavallo, Mateja Erce Paoli, Maria-Victoria Bueno-Delgado, Francisco José Melero Muñoz, Elisabete Pitarma, Femke Nijboer, Mariana Camacho, Ana Perandrés-Gòmez, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Background In the context of an ageing population, technological and digital solutions are increasingly emerging in the market to facilitate active and healthy ageing. However, several factors can hinder the acceptance of the solutions by the users. Indeed, during the development of digital solutions, future users are generally involved only when a Large-Scale Pilot is set up. It implies around 1 year and more than 100 people involved and it costs money. Moreover, if technical problems appear during the using of the solutions, the acceptance of it is sub-optimal or even degraded. Methods This paper presents the pre-validation approach developed and executed within the Pharaon European project to pre-evaluate digital solutions before to put in place the planned Large-Scale Pilots (LSP). 1 This pre-validation was defined as a Small-Scale Pilot involving a minimum of 5 users per type (e.g. older adults, caregivers, health professional) during a short period of time (2-hour sessions with users). The process was composed of different steps: 1/ pre-validation of individual technologies; 2/ pre-validation of technologies integration in each pilot platform; 3/ pre-validation of new technologies coming from the Pharaon Open Call. Moreover, 2 types of pre-validation were conducted at the same time: 1/ technological; 2/ willingness to use the digital solutions. A common protocol was delivered to all pilot sites, 2 questionnaires were used for collecting quantitative and qualitative results and the open platform Gitlab was used to report the technical issues. Results The pre-validation was conducted over 6 months in 6 pilot sites with more than 200 users and allowed to highlight 109 technical issues and mixed results concerning the acceptance of using technologies. The qualitative part of the results allowed to notice the needed improvements before setting up the LSP.
Keywords: methodology, pre-validation, technologies users’ acceptance, pilots, older adults, active ageing, health
Published in RUP: 05.02.2026; Views: 752; Downloads: 9
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3. Predicting Italian students’ mathematics outcomes : a decision tree regression analysisDaniel Doz, Darjo Felda, Mara Cotič, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The present paper aims to investigate the factors that influence the achievements of Italian students on the National Mathematics Assessment INVALSI. The study is a quantitative non-experimental research and utilizes the Decision Tree Method (DTM), a data mining and machine learning approach, to analyze the relationships and interactions among the variables and their influence on students’ mathematics performance. The sample for the study consists of 15,344 grade-10 students who took the INVALSI test in the school year 2021/22. Findings show that school typology had the highest relative importance, followed by students’ school grades in mathematics, socioeconomic status, geographic macroregion, gender, age, and, finally, origin. Based on these results, policymakers and educators should prioritize interventions that enhance educational environments and individual academic proficiency, particularly focusing on school type, mathematics grades, and students’ ESCS, to improve student achievements and promote deeper learning.
Keywords: INVALSI, decision tree, cross-validation, mathematics
Published in RUP: 19.01.2026; Views: 761; Downloads: 16
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5. Dynamic material properties of wood subjected to low-velocity impactTiberiu Polocoşer, Bohumil Kasal, Frank Stöckel, Xinyi Li, 2018, original scientific article Keywords: wood, impact, intermediate strain rates, design factors, validation, duration of load
Published in RUP: 19.11.2018; Views: 4091; Downloads: 256
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6. Validation of the inclusive competences scale for educators (InComSEdu)Tina Štemberger, Vanja Riccarda Kiswarday, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: The study aimed to construct and validate the Inclusive Competences Scale for Educators (InComSEdu). The basis for item generation was the "Profile of Inclusive Teachers", a document developed by the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. Items were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. In order to test the validity and internal consistency of the scale, item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's - were used. On a sample of Slovenian educators factor analyses proved the InComSEdu had seven subscales: Team working and cooperation with others, Implementing knowledge about inclusive education and support, Reflecting on and learning from inclusive practice, Optimising challenges and approaching interdisciplinary, Accepting professional responsibility for each child's development, Promoting resilience and professionality, and Empowering children's life skills. Results indicate that InComSEdu is a valid and reliable instrument for the evaluation of inclusive competences among educators.
Keywords: vzgojitelji, inkluzija, preschool educators, inclusive competences, scale, factor analysis, internal consistency, validation
Published in RUP: 08.08.2016; Views: 5128; Downloads: 688
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