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3. Within-session reliability and comparison in resisted sprint performance with the 1080 Sprint between belt and harness attachment pointsMatic Sašek, Nicola Reiner Volk, Nejc Šarabon, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The application of resistance over the shoulder or hips during resisted sprints could influence performance outcomes but has not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the within-session reliability of sprint performance measures and compared the outcomes of 1080 Sprint device between belt (hips) and harness (shoulders) attachment. Twelve student-athletes completed three 20 m sprints with resistance equivalent to 25% of body mass (14.0 to 24.7 kg). Sprint split times (5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m), peak velocity, and distance at peak velocity were recorded with 1080 Sprint. Within-session reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3.1) and coefficients of variation (CV), while differences in performance were analysed using paired t-tests and effect sizes (ES). Reliability was excellent for all variables (ICC3.1≥ 0.93; CV ≤ 3.08 %) except distance at peak velocity, which showed poor reliability (ICC3.1≥ 0.32; CV ≥ 17.2 %). Sprint times and peak velocity were faster with the belt attachment (ES ≥ 0.93), while peak velocity was reached earlier with the harness attachment (ES = 0.65). Both attachment points provided reliable measurements, but the belt consistently resulted in faster 20 m sprint performance. Coaches and practitioners should consider these differences when assessing resisted sprint performance or prescribing training to ensure consistent and individualized loading strategies
Ključne besede: resisted sprint, resistance, sprint performance, speed assessment
Objavljeno v RUP: 30.12.2025; Ogledov: 198; Prenosov: 0
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4. Joint torque and electromyographic activity during eccentric exercise for hip adductors at different hip flexion anglesJan Marušič, Oskar Cvjetičanin, Nejc Šarabon, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Our objective was to investigate the effects of three hip flexion angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) and leg dominance on peak joint torque, angle at peak torque, and peak electromyographic activity (EMGA) of the adductor longus during bilateral eccentric hip adduction. Sixteen recreationally active participants completed bilateral eccentric contractions at each hip flexion angle using a custom-built dynamometer. The primary outcome measures were peak adduction torque, angle at peak torque, and EMGA of the adductor longus. A 3×2 repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the effects of hip angle and leg dominance. Hip flexion angle had a significant main effect on peak torque (F(2, 30) = 15.75, p<0.01), with peak torque significantly lower at 90° compared to 0° and 45°. No significant effects were observed for leg dominance or interaction. No significant main effects of hip flexion angle, leg dominance, or their interaction were observed on peak EMGA or peak torque angle. Eccentric hip adduction strength is reduced at 90° of flexion, likely due to mechanical disadvantage, while neural activation remains unchanged. These findings support the use of less flexed positions in eccentric training protocols for adductor strength development or injury prevention.
Ključne besede: adductor longus, eccentric training, injury prevention, strength
Objavljeno v RUP: 19.11.2025; Ogledov: 345; Prenosov: 7
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7. Eccentric quasi-isometric exercise produces greater impulse with less pain than isokinetic heavy–slow resistance exercise in ankle plantar flexors : quasi-randomized controlled trialLuka Križaj, Žiga Kozinc, Nejc Šarabon, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Recently, there has been growing interest in optimizing exercise protocols in sports training and rehabilitation, with particular attention to eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) contractions, which involve maintaining joint position until isometric failure and then resisting the subsequent eccentric phase. Evidence directly comparing EQI with other contraction modes remains scarce. This quasi-randomized controlled trial examined the short-term effects of EQI versus isokinetic heavy–slow resistance (IHSR) exercises on ankle plantar flexors, focusing on pain, range of motion (RoM), and strength performance. Thirty-two physically active participants were allocated to EQI (n = 16) or IHSR (n = 16) groups and assessed at baseline, immediately post-exercise, and 24 and 48 h later. Both groups performed three exercise sets with 3 min breaks. The protocols were designed to approximate matched loading, based on preliminary testing. Nevertheless, the EQI group achieved a significantly greater total impulse (p = 0.028), a shorter time under tension (p = 0.001), and lower effort scores (p < 0.001). Group × time analysis revealed less decline in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (p = 0.002; η2 = 0.16), as well as lower general (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.32) and activity-related pain (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.32) in the EQI group, with no significant differences in dorsiflexion RoM (p = 0.893). In conclusion, EQI produced a higher torque impulse while inducing less fatigue and post-exercise pain than IHSR, suggesting it may be a more efficient loading strategy for the ankle plantar flexors. The results contribute to the understanding of contraction-specific efficiency, and may inform the design of future training and rehabilitation protocols targeting the ankle plantar flexors.
Ključne besede: eccentric quasi-isometric contraction, isokinetic heavy–slow resistance contraction, ankle plantar flexors, impulse, pain, range of motion
Objavljeno v RUP: 27.10.2025; Ogledov: 376; Prenosov: 10
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10. Acute fatiguing effects and biomechanical characteristics of a single bout eccentric quasi-isometric resistance exercise of ankle plantar flexorsLuka Križaj, Nejc Šarabon, Žiga Kozinc, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction: Investigation of the eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) resistance exercise has started in recent years. However, the biomechanical characteristics and fatigue effects of EQI muscle actions in the ankle plantar flexors remain unexplored. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical characteristics of plantarflexion EQIs and post-EQI acute fatigue between two different loading intensities. Methods: Twenty regularly physically active participants (9 men, 11 women) completed 3 sets comprising of a single EQI muscle contraction at 75% and 90% (one intensity for each leg in a random order) of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) on an isokinetic dynamometer. Outcome variables included total contraction time, torque impulse, angular velocities and range of motion during EQI muscle actions, as well as pre- and post-contraction MVIC measures. Results: The analysis indicated no statistically significant effect of EQI muscle-action on MVIC torque (main effect of time: p = 0.636). There were also no statistically significant differences between EQI muscle actions performed at 75% and 90% MVIC regarding angular velocity (p = 0.244). However, executing EQI muscle contraction at 75% MVIC resulted in statistically significantly larger total contraction time, total torque impulse, and range of motion (p < 0.001) compared to EQI at 90% MVIC. Discussion: These findings suggest that performing EQI contractions at 75% MVIC may be more effective for generating greater mechanical stimulus without inducing significant acute fatigue.
Ključne besede: eccentric quasi-isometric contraction, ankle plantar flexors, intensity, exercise, eccentric contraction
Objavljeno v RUP: 27.06.2025; Ogledov: 729; Prenosov: 8
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