1. Virtual reality and declarative knowledge acquisition in hospitality management education : a classroom-based pilot studyMarko Kukanja, Saša Planinc, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study examines the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) application as a learning tool in higher hospitality education, focusing on declarative knowledge acquisition and test-based learning outcomes. Conducted as a classroom-based pilot study, it involved a census of undergraduate students enrolled in a restaurant management course (N = 28) and compared VR-supported learning with traditional instruction using printed materials. Declarative knowledge acquisition was assessed using identical multiple-choice pre- and post-tests. Results showed that scores improved across all students. A statistically signifi- cant time × group interaction indicated that the two groups improved at different rates over time. Students who learned using printed materials demonstrated greater improvement than those who used the VR application. The findings suggest that, in its implementation, the VR application did not demonstrate superior test-based knowledge outcomes compared to traditional learning. One possible explanation lies in the type of knowledge assessed: the test focused on declarative and recognition-based knowledge, whereas VR may be more effective for procedural and experience-based learning. The limited interactivity of the early-stage VR application (VR HOTEL v0.9.4) may have also constrained its instructional potential. Overall, the results highlight the importance of aligning VR-based learning activities with learning objectives, instructional design, and assessment methods.
Ključne besede: classroom-based study, hospitality education, knowledge acquisition, learning outcomes, VR, virtual reality
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.07.2026; Ogledov: 392; Prenosov: 12
 Celotno besedilo (3,66 MB)
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3. Insights into Slovenian Hospitality SME Managers' Attitudes toward AISaša Planinc, Marko Kukanja, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study explores the attitudes of Slovenian hospitality SME managers toward artificial intelligence (AI), with a focus on how their demographic characteristics (DC) and the physical characteristics (PC) of SMEs influence these attitudes. The study used a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling. Using data from 288 managers, it identifies both positive and negative perspectives on AI within a sector undergoing digital transformation. The findings reveal quite balanced attitudes, with both positive and negative experiences being recognized, though there is a slight tendency towards a more negative perspective. Managers’ DC play a more significant role in shaping attitudes than SMEs’ PC. Younger and less experienced managers tend to be more optimistic and enthusiastic about AI adoption, while older and more experienced managers are generally more sceptical. Family-owned businesses, which represent 61% of the sample, recognize some of AI’s potential benefits but primarily express more concerns about its use compared to non-family-owned businesses. SMEs with more employees and those operating in more competitive environments demonstrate a stronger propensity to adopt AI. This study highlights key barriers to AI adoption in hospitality SMEs, emphasizing the need for targeted education and training programmes, particularly for older managers and those with limited exposure to digital (AI) tools. Promoting awareness of AI’s benefits through practical demonstrations and best practice examples can reduce resistance and foster more positive attitudes. By addressing these challenges, the hospitality sector can enhance its digital transformation in an increasingly technology-driven environment.
Ključne besede: artificial intelligence, attitudes, hospitality, managers, SMEs, Slovenia
Objavljeno v RUP: 15.09.2025; Ogledov: 915; Prenosov: 6
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