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Opis: The toughness t(G) of graph G is formalized as the minimum ratio of |S| and ω(G − S) over all vertex subsets S subject to ω(G − S) > 1. As the unique variant parameter of toughness, τ(G) is formulated as the minimum ratio of |S| and ω(G − S) − 1 traversing all the vertex subset S restricted to ω(G − S) ≥ 2. The extant contributions reveal that there is a substantial correlation between toughness and fractional factors. However, there is still a paucity of solid studies on toughness variants τ(G). This work provides several theoretical underpinnings for the tight toughness variant bound for a graph G which admits a fractional k-factor. To be specific, a graph G has a fractional k-factor if τ(G) > k for k ≥ 3 and if τ(G)>3/2 for k = 2. The sharpness of the given bounds is explained by counterexamples.
Ključne besede: graph, toughness, toughness variant, fractional k-factor
Objavljeno v RUP: 21.12.2025; Ogledov: 222; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Since the emergence of the Dark Triad/Dark Tetrad personality constructs, a growing body of literature has suggested a common core underlying socially aversive behaviors. With a multitude of diverse explanations on the horizon, the literature has become ambiguous and vague within the context of the dark personality framework, warranting further clarity. A scoping literature review was conducted by electronically searching five databases, yielding 12 articles included in the investigation. The results support the notion that the field of dark personality traits can progress from factorial trait labels toward a perspective where aversive traits are seen as emergent from interactions between individual components. These traits manifest as the most prominent candidate for the dark core, the Dark Factor of Personality (D), which encompasses the general tendency of malevolent characters in normal populations. The most notable measures in this context are the HEXACO model, with an emphasis on the Honesty-Humility dimension, and the D70, a set of items providing the most comprehensive representation of D. It is concluded that manifested socially aversive behaviors, accompanied by beliefs that serve as justifications, parallel two main components: the Antagonism component (promoting disutility for others) and the Emotional component (deficits in affective empathy).
Ključne besede: dark personality core, dark factor of personality, dark triad, dark tetrad, HEXACO honesty-humility
Objavljeno v RUP: 25.09.2025; Ogledov: 356; Prenosov: 7
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Opis: Objective: To identify the COVID-19 impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies and risk factors in adolescent worldwide. Method: Anonymous online multi-national/language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17years), measuring change in well-being (WHO-5/range=0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range=0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- versus during COVID-19 pandemic (26/04/2020-26/06/2022). Coping strategies, nine a-priori defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured. χ2, penalized cubic splines, linear regression, and correlation analyses were conducted. Results: Analyzing 8,115 of 8,762 initiated surveys (representative=75.1%), the pre-pandemic WHO-5 and P-score remained stable during the study (excluding relevant recall bias/drift), but worsened intra-pandemic by 5.55±17.13 (standard deviation) and 6.74±16.06 points, respectively (effect size d=0.27 and d=0.28). The proportion of adolescents with WHO-5 scores suggesting depression screening (<50) and major depression (<29) increased from 9% to 17% and 2% to 6%. WHO-5 worsened (descending magnitude, with cumulative effect) in adolescents with a mental or physical disorder, female gender, and with school closure. Results were similar for P-score, with the exception of school closure (not significant) and living in a low-income country, as well as not living in a large city (significant). Changes were significantly but minimally related to COVID-19 deaths/restrictions, returning to near-pre-pandemic values after >2 years. The three most subjectively effective coping strategies were internet use, exercise/walking, and social contacts. Conclusion: Overall, well-being/mental health worsened (small effect sizes) during early stages of COVID-19, especially in vulnerable subpopulations. Identified at-risk groups, association with pandemic-related measures, and coping strategies can inform individual behaviours and global public health strategies.
Ključne besede: Covid-19, pandemic, survey, WHO-5, P-factor, well-being, mental health, psychiatry, adolescents
Objavljeno v RUP: 12.09.2025; Ogledov: 411; Prenosov: 4
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Ključne besede: SCOPe database, root mean square fluctuations, b-factor, protein domains, protein flexibility
Objavljeno v RUP: 08.03.2023; Ogledov: 4246; Prenosov: 72
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Ključne besede: loneliness, meta-analysis, risk factor, health outcome, umbrella review
Objavljeno v RUP: 02.12.2020; Ogledov: 2780; Prenosov: 39
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