1. Pyrolysis oil-based polyurethane foams as a middle layer of the composite plywood sandwich panels for sustainable constructionJakub Grzybek, Jakub Michal Sandak, David Contus, Andrea Minigher, Hans Heeres, Bert van de Beld, Erfan Asgari, Rok Prislan, Anna Malgorzata Sandak, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The construction sector’s substantial contribution to global energy consumption and CO2 emissions motivates the development of bio-based alternatives to fossil-derived rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam cores in structural sandwich panels. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of plywood sandwich panels manufactured with a rigid PUR foam containing a fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO)-derived sugar polyol diluted with triethyl phosphate and panels of identical topology produced with a commercial reference PUR foam. In the bio-based formulation, a fraction of the sorbitol-based polyether polyol was replaced with the FPBO-derived sugar polyol. Both systems were characterized at the foam and panel levels for cellular microstructure, skeletal and envelope density, thermogravimetric stability, flammability, color, thermal conductivity and heat capacity, internal bond strength, compressive properties, and normal-incidence sound absorption and transmission loss. The newly developed foam exhibited similar skeletal density and porosity to the reference, comparable thermogravimetric stability with a slightly higher char residue, and lower thermal conductivity across the tested temperature range. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, compressive modulus, and internal bond strength, showed minor reduction but remained within a comparable range. A distinct color change was observed, attributable to the presence of chromophoric constituents of the FPBO fraction. Overall, the results indicate that partial substitution of the fossil polyol with an FPBO-derived sugar polyol is technically feasible, yielding materials with comparable thermal, mechanical, or acoustic performance. No consistent performance advantage of either system was observed across the evaluated properties. The results support the potential of pyrolysis-derived bio-polyols for use in sustainable structural insulation products.
Ključne besede: bio-based polyol, fast pyrolysis bio-oil, rigid polyurethane foams, waste valorization
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.07.2026; Ogledov: 64; Prenosov: 4
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3. Wood modification using Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil (FPBO) : formulation development, characterization, and evaluation of wood performanceAnna Malgorzata Sandak, Faksawat Poohphajai, Amina Selmanović, Rene Alexander Herrera Diaz, Jakub Grzybek, Kelly Peeters, Sasikala Perumal, Edit Földvári-Nagy, Lei Han, Richard Acquah, Jakub Michal Sandak, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study presents a wood modification process using Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil (FPBO) as a fully biobased alternative to conventional, fossil-based and potentially toxic preservatives such as copper salts, organic biocides, and creosote. Standard FPBO was used in the devel- opment of 10 formulations, which were systematically characterized in terms of pot life, viscosity evolution, density, and pH. Radiata pine samples were subsequently impregnated using a bench-scale reactor, with specimens prepared in multiple geometries to assess treat- ment performance across different dimensions. The modified wood was comprehensively characterized with respect to moisture uptake, dimensional stability, density, mechanical strength, fixation efficiency, biological durability, and VOC emissions. Additional screening focused on properties relevant to outdoor applications, including aesthetic appearance and colour uniformity after UV exposure. The results enabled the identification of three top-performing formulations, treatments H, A, and E, which exhibited the most favourable balance between durability, environmental performance, and structural integrity. Overall, the findings demonstrate the strong potential of FPBO-based impregnation as a sustainable, multifunctional, and high-performance alternative for advanced wood protection systems.
Ključne besede: wood modification, fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), durability, bio-based impregnation treatment
Objavljeno v RUP: 29.06.2026; Ogledov: 179; Prenosov: 4
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4. Thermal energy storage and leakage prevention of phase change materials via one-step impregnation and in-situ polymerization process in hardwoodJakub Grzybek, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Emiliano Borri, Alina Meindl, Zuzana Paschová, Alexander Petutschnigg, Luisa F. Cabeza, Thomas Schnabel, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Wood is a versatile material widely used in building construction, but its low thermal mass limits its ability to regulate indoor temperatures and mitigate thermal load peaks. Phase change materials are effective at storing thermal energy, but when impregnated into wood, they leak out, compromising performance and restricting their use in buildings. This study introduces a novel one-step impregnation process combined with in-situ polymerization using furfuryl alcohol and a capric-stearic acid phase change material mixture to create a sustainable material for thermal energy storage. Various formulations were tested on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to evaluate effectiveness of the approach. The results confirm that this method successfully prevents phase change material leakage. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance verified that phase change materials retain their thermal energy storage functionality, with no chemical cross-linking between the phase change materials and furfuryl alcohol. The treated wood showed up to 185 % higher thermal energy storage capacity, enhanced dimensional stability (anti-swelling efficiency up to 87 %), and 28 % higher compressive strength than untreated wood. It is a step towards sustainable, multifunctional, leakage-free, enhanced mechanical properties, improved dimensional stability wood for thermal energy storage for building applications, with potential for further optimisation and characterisation.
Ključne besede: bio-based materials, fatty acid, furfuryl alcohol, sustainable building materials, wood modification, phase change materials
Objavljeno v RUP: 09.01.2026; Ogledov: 654; Prenosov: 10
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5. An exploratory study of consumers' knowledge and attitudes about lignin-based sunscreens and bio-based skincare productsNežka Sajinčič, Oihana Gordobil, Amy Noel Simmons, Anna Malgorzata Sandak, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: attitude, bio-based ingredients, environmental concern, green cosmetics, health consciousness, human factors, knowledge, lignin sunscreen, preference, skincare
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.10.2021; Ogledov: 4312; Prenosov: 61
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6. Bioinspired living coating system in service : evaluation of the wood protected with biofinish during one-year natural weatheringFaksawat Poohphajai, Jakub Michal Sandak, Michael Sailer, Lauri Rautkari, Tiina Belt, Anna Malgorzata Sandak, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: natural weathering, bio-based coating, service life performance, aesthetics, living fungal cells, bioinspired materials design
Objavljeno v RUP: 24.06.2021; Ogledov: 3056; Prenosov: 78
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7. Durability of modified wood and bio-based materials under outdoor conditionsHeikko Kallakas, Kevin Visnapuu, Triinu Poltimäe, Jaan Kers, Anna Malgorzata Sandak, 2018, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: modified wood, bio-based materials, natural weathering, durabitlity, facade performance
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.12.2018; Ogledov: 4278; Prenosov: 77
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9. Next steps in developing thermally modified timber to meet requirements of European low carbon economyAndreja Kutnar, Dick Sandberg, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: EPD, LCA, nizkoogljična bio-kemija, trajnostni razvoj, EPD, LCD, low carbon bio-economy, PCR, sustainability
Objavljeno v RUP: 03.04.2017; Ogledov: 4793; Prenosov: 194
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10. Osebnostne značilnosti in strategije spoprijemanja s stresom, povezane z zdravjem in izgorelostjo pri vojakih Slovenske vojskePolona Selič, Maša Serec, Davorina Petek, Maja Rus-Makovec, 2010, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Problem: Študija odgovarja na vprašanje, katere osebnostne lastnosti izstopajopri vojakih, ki poročajo o slabšem bio-psiho-socialnem blagostanju, dosegajo višje vrednosti izgorevanja in so posledično manj učinkoviti pri deluin manj motivirani za delo. Občutenje lastnega zdravja je okvirno merilo za zdravstveno stanje posameznika, slaba samoocena zdravja pa je napovedni dejavnik povečane umrljivosti in večje potrebe po zdravstvenih storitvah. Uporabljena diagnostična strategija operacionalizira koncept zdravja, kje bio-psiho-socialno blagostanje, na eni strani ter prinaša možnost za nove ugotovitve o povezanosti stresa in izgorevanja, (samoocen) zdravja in organizacijskega ozračja na drugi strani. Metoda: Študija je potekala med letoma 2006 in 2008. Uporabili smo vprašalnik za samooceno zdravstvenega stanja, Eysenckove osebnostne lestvice, Folkman-Lazarusovo lestvico Načini spoprijemanja s stresom in lestvico izgorevanja Maslachove. Analizirali smo odgovore 390 pripadnikov Slovenske vojske, ki smo jih razdelili v skupino zdravih (SK1-Z), manj zdravih (po merilu bolniške odsotnosti zaradi bolezni; SK2-B) in skupino udeležencev njihovih misij. Ti izpolnjujejo vsa merila zdravja (na eni strani), so pa izpostavljeni posebnim delovnim obremenitvam (delo v tujini). Za obdelavo podatkov smo uporabili statistični paket SPSS (v 17.0, SPSS inc.): izvedli smo t-test, Mann-Whitneyev test, Kruskal-Wallisov test, faktorsko analizo (PC-analiza, rotacija Varimax, Kaiserjeva normalizacija) in korelacijske izračune. Rezultati: Rezultate razlagamo na osnovi predpostavke, da so udeleženci odgovarjali verodostojno, opozorimo pa tudi na možnost zanikanja in/ali odpora. Ključni dejavnik razlikovanja med skupinami je izgorelost, pri kateri najvišje vrednosti dosegajo vojaki na misijah, najnižje pa skupina zdravih vojakov (razosebljenje: ?2=21,756; p=0,000; delovna neučinkovitost: ?2=7,088; p=0,029; čustvena izčrpanost: ?2=6,316; p=0,043). Razlike med SK1-Z in SK2-B pojasnjujemo z osebnostnimi značilnostmi (zaprtost/odprtost mišljenja, nevrotičnost) in t.i. psihosomatskonaravnanostjo. Za udeležence misij so značilni cinizem, mačizem in nezaupanje. Izgorelost (cinizem, nizka delovna učinkovitost) je znak izčrpanega/okvarjenega bio-psiho-socialnega blagostanja, ki lahko vodi v absentizem ali zapustitev poklica/dela. Zaključek: Predlagamo spremembo oz. dopolnitev izbirnega postopka za sprejem v Slovensko vojsko s testom temeljnih osebnostnih lastnosti ter izločanje kandidatov, ki presegajo normirane vrednosti za nevrotičnost in psihotičnost, kar bi lahko zmanjšalo uporabo manj ustreznih strategij spoprijemanja s stresom, depresonalizacijo in čustveno izčrpanost ter povečalo delovno učinkovitost. Učenje veščin v medosebnih odnosih in prevzemanje varovalnih strategij (netekmovalne fizične dejavnosti, konjički) lahko ublaži delovanje nespremenljivih delovnih pogojevin zahtev. Potrebno usmerjenost na čustva ob siceršnji mačistični subkulturi bi bilo mogoče doseči s krepitvijo skupinske povezanosti in kakovosti odnosov v enotah, s čimer bi oblikovali socialno podporo znotraj kolektiva.
Ključne besede: temeljne osebnostne lastnosti, spoprijemanje s stresom, izgorelost, bio-psiho-socialno blagostanje, zdravje, veščine v medosebnih odnosih
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 6431; Prenosov: 246
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