1. Tracking pyrethroid resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors : mutations I1532T and F1534C in Aedes albopictus across EuropeVerena Pichler, Vera Valadas, Mustafa M. Akiner, Georgios Balatsos, Carlos Barceló, Maria-Louise Borg, Jeremy Bouyer, Daniel Bravo-Barriga, Ruben Bueno, Beniamino Caputo, Katja Adam, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background With the worldwide spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, the number of autochtho‑ nous cases of exotic arboviral diseases, such as dengue or chikungunya, is increasing in temperate regions. In Europe, pyrethroids are the only insecticides allowed for the abatement of adult mosquitoes and are thus crucial for limiting ongoing arbovirus transmission. Despite this and the report of resistance rising in vector populations worldwide, information on the pyrethroid resistance status of vector populations and knowledge on resistance mechanisms is widely lacking. Genotyping of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations situated within the target site of pyrethroids, i.e., the voltage‑gated sodium channel (VGSC), and associated with pyrethroid resistance, is a cost‑effective approach to investigate the spread of resistance in a population. Herein, we describe the European‑wide distribution of two kdr mutations, i.e., I1532T and F1534C, in Ae. albopictus and evaluate their co‑occurrence with another well‑characterized kdr mutation, V1016G. Methods Genotyping of the kdr mutation F1534C was performed by allele‑specific PCR for 1732 Ae. albopictus specimens sampled in 19 European countries; for a subset of 419 specimens mutation I1532T was also genotyped by sequencing. For all samples, information on mutation V1016G was available, allowing evaluation of the co‑occur‑ rence of kdr alleles. Results Mutation 1534C was detected in nine sites from six countries at an overall frequency close to 5%. High‑ est frequencies per site were detected in Cyprus (84%) and Greece (45%). Allele 1532 T was identified in 11 sites from 7 countries at frequencies ranging from 4% to 25% per site. Co‑occurrence of different kdr alleles (1534C, 1532 T and 1016G) was observed in nine sampling sites from seven countries. Conclusions The present study offers the first map of the occurrence of the major Ae. albopictus kdr alleles across Europe and highlights a differential distribution of the two alleles most strongly associated with pyrethroid resistance, 1016G and 1534C. Our findings also point to the need for enhancing resistance monitoring in the East‑ ern Mediterranean region, where the two mutations are shown to exist in geographically close areas, with the risk of emergence of highly resistant double mutants.
Ključne besede: mosquito, Aedes albopictus, insecticide resistance, Kdr, arbovirus vector, vector control, Europe
Objavljeno v RUP: 05.01.2026; Ogledov: 421; Prenosov: 3
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2. Finding a perfect matching of F_2^n with prescribed differencesBenedek Kovács, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: We consider the following question by Balister, Győri and Schelp: given 2^{n-1} nonzero vectors in F_2^n with zero sum, is it always possible to partition the elements of F_2^n into pairs such that the difference between the two elements of the i-th pair is equal to the i-th given vector for every i? An analogous question in F_p, which is a case of the so-called "seating couples" problem, has been resolved by Preissmann and Mischler in 2009. In this paper, we prove the conjecture in F_2^n in the case when the number of distinct values among the given difference vectors is at most n-2log(n)-1, and also in the case when at least a fraction 1/2+ε of the given vectors are equal (for all ε>0 and n sufficiently large based on ε).
Ključne besede: binary vector spaces, seating couples, prescribed differences, perfect matching, functional batch code, graph colourings
Objavljeno v RUP: 21.12.2025; Ogledov: 296; Prenosov: 0
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3. Recent advances in Phlebotomine sand fly research : a review based on studies presented at ISOPS XIVladimir Ivović, Gioia Bongiorno, Petr Volf, Yara Traub Cseko, Jeffrey Jon Shaw, Dia Elnaiem, Shaden Kamhawi, Eva Iniguez, Carla Maia, Suzana Blesić, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The 11th International Symposium on Phlebotomine Sand flies (ISOPS XI) took place in Portorož, Slovenia, in September 2024 and brought together experts from around the world to discuss recent advances in the biology, ecology and control of phlebotomine sand flies and the pathogens they transmit. This report summarises the key findings of the symposium and is organised thematically by session. Key topics included the development of refined experimental models of Leishmania transmission, new insights into the interactions between vector, parasite and microbiota, and the detection of Leishmania donovani in new geographic regions. Advances in molecular diagnostics and surveillance technologies were emphasised, as were emerging concerns about insecticide resistance. The potential of paratransgenesis and symbiont-based vector control approaches was also emphasised. In a separate session, the CLIMOS project was presented, which integrates climate monitoring, ecological modelling and public health tools to develop an early warning system (EWS) for sand fly-borne diseases. Overall, the contributions to the symposium reflect the dynamic development of sand fly research in response to global environmental change and emphasise the importance of international collaboration in combating emerging vector-borne diseases.
Ključne besede: Phlebotomine sand flies, vector competence, surveillance, climate change, taxonomy, ISOPS
Objavljeno v RUP: 30.10.2025; Ogledov: 440; Prenosov: 5
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6. First molecular evidence of Leishmania parasites in sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) from SloveniaGioia Bongiorno, Katja Adam, Ilaria Bernardini, Claudia Mangiapelo, Eleonora Fiorentino, Trentina Di Muccio, Vladimir Ivović, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background Sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are vectors of Leishmania spp., protozoan parasites that cause leish- maniasis, a zoonosis endemic in the Mediterranean region. Although Slovenia is not considered endemic, its proximity to affected areas and the presence of competent vectors underscore the importance of entomological surveillance. As part of the CLIMOS project, we investigated sand fly species composition, seasonal abundance, and the presence of Leishmania parasites at two sites in southwestern Slovenia: Cetore and Velike Žablje. Methods From May to October 2023, adult sand flies were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Preven- tion (CDC) miniature light traps. Specimens were morphologically identified and screened for Leishmania spp. DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted kinetoplast DNA, followed by species confirmation with ITS-1 nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results A total of 274 sand flies were collected, predominantly Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perniciosus, and P. mascittii. Abundance peaked in July in Cetore and August in Velike Žablje, likely reflecting local climatic differences. Among 25 pools of female sand flies analyzed, Leishmania DNA was detected in three pools (12.0%), specifically in P. neglectus and P. mascittii. The cycle threshold values (Ct 35–37) indicated low parasite DNA loads. ITS-1 amplification was unsuc- cessful, likely due to low DNA concentration. Conclusions This study provides the first molecular evidence of Leishmania DNA in sand flies from Slovenia. The detection of Leishmania in P. mascittii, a species with uncertain vector competence, is particularly noteworthy and warrants further investigation. Although species identification of the parasite was not possible, the findings suggest potential for autochthonous transmission and highlight the need for continued surveillance and research in the region.
Ključne besede: sand flies, Leishmania, Slovenia, vector surveillance, seasonality
Objavljeno v RUP: 28.08.2025; Ogledov: 719; Prenosov: 5
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9. Supplementary material for paper The missing link between wages and labour productivity in tourism : evidence from Croatia and SloveniaSergej Gričar, Violeta Sugar, Štefan Bojnec, 2020, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Opis: The present article aims to analyse wage-labour productivity cau-salities in Croatia and Slovenia using cointegration methods basedon monthly time series data of variables for labour productivityand real gross wages in tourism industry during the periodDecember 1999%January 2020. The data vector is integrated bychain indices with the constant base January 2000%100. A sto-chastic trend and shocks are covered in the analysis. Shocks arelinked to the European Union accession, and economic crisis fol-lowing with overwhelmed tourist arrivals. The contribution of theresearch is two-fold. First, the equations for at most normal dis-tributed variables of labour productivity and real wages in tourismare exposed. Three spatial cointegration relations confirm labourproductivity integrity of the regional tourism market. Second,pair-wise causalities indicate one cointegrated vector for labourproductivity, which drives real gross wages in tourism sub-indus-tries. These results suggest that for a higher non-seasonal assess-ment of real gross wage, the labour productivity should rise, i.e.less workers, more robotization or more tourist arrivals with betterquality solutions. These findings are at most important to beimplemented after the COVID-19 infection crisis with expectedrestructurings and digital transformation in the tourism industry.
Ključne besede: Croatia, error correction model (ECM), real grosswage, labour productivity, Slovenia, vector error correction model (VECM)
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.12.2020; Ogledov: 3294; Prenosov: 254
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10. The missing link between wages and labour productivity in tourism : evidence from Croatia and SloveniaSergej Gričar, Violeta Sugar, Štefan Bojnec, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The present article aims to analyse wage-labour productivity cau-salities in Croatia and Slovenia using cointegration methods basedon monthly time series data of variables for labour productivityand real gross wages in tourism industry during the periodDecember 1999%January 2020. The data vector is integrated bychain indices with the constant base January 2000%100. A sto-chastic trend and shocks are covered in the analysis. Shocks arelinked to the European Union accession, and economic crisis fol-lowing with overwhelmed tourist arrivals. The contribution of theresearch is two-fold. First, the equations for at most normal dis-tributed variables of labour productivity and real wages in tourismare exposed. Three spatial cointegration relations confirm labourproductivity integrity of the regional tourism market. Second,pair-wise causalities indicate one cointegrated vector for labourproductivity, which drives real gross wages in tourism sub-indus-tries. These results suggest that for a higher non-seasonal assess-ment of real gross wage, the labour productivity should rise, i.e.less workers, more robotization or more tourist arrivals with betterquality solutions. These findings are at most important to beimplemented after the COVID-19 infection crisis with expectedrestructurings and digital transformation in the tourism industry.
Ključne besede: Croatia, error correction model (ECM), real grosswage, labour productivity, Slovenia, vector error correction model (VECM)
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.12.2020; Ogledov: 3496; Prenosov: 47
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