Iskanje po repozitoriju

Opis: It was widely expected that following European Union's enlargement in 2004, farmers in new member states would improve their performance by increasing the efficiency of their production processes. In this study, using the Farm Accountancy Data Network data, we look at changes in total factor productivity, a measure which captures how efficiently and intensely inputs are utilised in production, that took place in farms producing cereals in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia between 2004 and 2017. We find that in all four countries total factor productivity increased in the first years after the accession, but later declined. Overall, in the three former countries, total factor productivity in 2017 was higher than observed in 2004, whereas in Slovenia it was lower. This pattern largely corresponds to the dynamics observed with technological change: an initial technological progress was followed by a technological regress. Our results also suggest that over time farmers faced increasing problems with finding an optimal size of their operation. Finally, we observe that the technologies adopted on the farms were not used in an efficient way.
Ključne besede: Central Europe, cereal farms, scale efficiency, technological change, technical efficiency, total factor productivity
Objavljeno v RUP: 01.09.2026; Ogledov: 193; Prenosov: 5
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Opis: This paper examines the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) automation and technologies across various industries in Europe, utilizing descriptive statistics derived from Eurostat data. By analyzing the proportions of AI adoption within key sectors, the aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of AI integration in European industries. This is relevant from the perspective of its possible economic effects. The existing litareture that focuses on the effects of automation technologies on employment is rather inconsistent and inconclusive (Filippi et al, 2023). According to Bowles (2014) 54 % of European workers are at risk of substitution (by applying the occupation-based approach), while according to Pouliakas (2018) only 13.9 % of workers will face a risk higher than 70 % (by applying the task-based approach). Moreover, McGuinness et al 2021, show how 16 % of adult European workers have recently experienced a skills-displacing technological change, i.e., some changes in the use of technologies (e.g., machinery and ICT systems) in the last five years and thus concludes that several of their skills will become outdated in the next five years. Josten and Lordan (2020) predicted that by 47% of European jobs will be automatable (of which 35% are fully automatable), while 40% of them are not expected to be automated. Anyhow, the probability of automation varies considerably across industries. The service sector is generally less threatened by automation (Pajarinen et al, 2015), no matter the fact that wholesale and retail trade have a high probability of automation (Nedeloska and Quintini, 2018). Several studies conclude that (besides services) industries with a low probability of automation (lower than 40 %) include: education, health and social work, arts, sport and entertainment, management, business and finance, public administration and public utility services (Illessy et al, 2021, Yamashita nad Cummins, 2021; among others). Furthermore, this paper explores projected growth trajectories for AI usage, highlighting anticipated advancements and the potential for increased efficiency and innovation. Basically, an independent survey conducted in 2024 by the German Reichelt elektronics on the current status and potential of technologies (such as AI, ML, big data, robotics and IoT) and their use in European industrial companies shows that many European companies in the industrial sector (60%) believe that production will be fully automated in five years’ time. In addition, more than two thirds of the European industry (68%) consider automation to be essential in order to remain competitive. Therefore this paper also discusses the challenges and hurdles that may impede the widespread adoption of AI technologies, including regulatory, ethical, and infrastructural considerations, while seeking to understand the dynamics of AI implementation in Europe and its implications for future economic development.
Ključne besede: automation, AI technologies, productivity, Europe
Objavljeno v RUP: 28.08.2025; Ogledov: 1210; Prenosov: 12
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Opis: The study guide is designed to introduce students to the main concepts used by statisticians and economists to measure economic phenomena, while emphasizing the practical applications of these concepts in real-world scenarios. The study guide describes how the production of economic statistics is organised, who are the main data producers, what are the main databases available over the Internet and how can the quality of statistics be assessed. Thanks to this study guide, students will better understand where to find and how to use statistics on national accounts, government’s public deficit and debt, short-term economic indicators, international trade and globalisation, labour market, prices and inflation, etc.
Ključne besede: economic statistics, index numbers, price statistics, demographic statistics, labour force statistics, labour market statistics, short-term business indicators, national accounts, productivity analysis
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.04.2023; Ogledov: 5324; Prenosov: 156
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Opis: The present article aims to analyse wage-labour productivity cau-salities in Croatia and Slovenia using cointegration methods basedon monthly time series data of variables for labour productivityand real gross wages in tourism industry during the periodDecember 1999%January 2020. The data vector is integrated bychain indices with the constant base January 2000%100. A sto-chastic trend and shocks are covered in the analysis. Shocks arelinked to the European Union accession, and economic crisis fol-lowing with overwhelmed tourist arrivals. The contribution of theresearch is two-fold. First, the equations for at most normal dis-tributed variables of labour productivity and real wages in tourismare exposed. Three spatial cointegration relations confirm labourproductivity integrity of the regional tourism market. Second,pair-wise causalities indicate one cointegrated vector for labourproductivity, which drives real gross wages in tourism sub-indus-tries. These results suggest that for a higher non-seasonal assess-ment of real gross wage, the labour productivity should rise, i.e.less workers, more robotization or more tourist arrivals with betterquality solutions. These findings are at most important to beimplemented after the COVID-19 infection crisis with expectedrestructurings and digital transformation in the tourism industry.
Ključne besede: Croatia, error correction model (ECM), real grosswage, labour productivity, Slovenia, vector error correction model (VECM)
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.12.2020; Ogledov: 4227; Prenosov: 48
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Opis: Analyzing the process of patent submission with a special emphasis on the phases of the research process
Ključne besede: researchers patenting activity, researchers patenting productivity, process of innovation, patenting process, patent driving forces, patent driving areas, academic entrepreneurship
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 4738; Prenosov: 36
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