1. Leaf size and shape show contrasting relationships with evolutionary lineages in Daphne blagayana FreyerRobert Brus, Živa Fišer, Dalibor Ballian, Kristjan Jarni, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Phenotypic variation does not always correspond closely to genetic structure within species, particularly for morphological traits that are also influenced by environmental conditions. We examined whether leaf morphology in Daphne blagayana reflects previously identified phylogeographic structures and whether size- and shape-related traits differ in the hierarchical distribution of variation. Leaf morphometric analyses were performed on 3439 leaves collected from 596 shrubs in 21 populations covering the entire distribution range of the species. Ten leaf morphological traits were analysed using nested mixed-effects models, principal component analysis (PCA), MANOVA, Mantel tests and additional conservative mixed-effects models accounting for population-level structure. Leaf size-related traits showed stronger population-level differentiation and clearer geographic structuring, whereas shape-related traits exhibited higher within-shrub variation and weaker correspondence with phylogeographic structure. PCA and MANOVA revealed significant morphological differentiation among the three previously defined evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), although overlap among groups remained considerable. When population-level structure was taken into account, ESU effects were reduced but remained detectable for leaf length and selected shape-related traits. The northwestern ESU was characterized by larger and broader leaves, while differences between the central–southeastern and central ESUs were associated mainly with leaf shape traits. Mantel analysis revealed a weak but significant correlation between geographic and morphological distances among populations, indicating that geographic distance contributes to, but does not fully explain, morphological differentiation. The results show that leaf morphology in D. blagayana is associated with the previously identified phylogeographic structure of the species and that size- and shape-related traits differ markedly in their degree of geographic differentiation and hierarchical variation. However, because phylogeographic and geographic structure are spatially confounded in the present dataset, their individual effects on leaf morphology cannot be statistically separated. The study also highlights the importance of hierarchical sampling, appropriate statistical analyses, and cautious interpretation of genotype–phenotype correspondence in observational studies of intraspecific morphological variation.
Ključne besede: leaf morphology, leaf morphometrics, phylogeographic structure, population differentiation, evolutionarily significant units, intraspecific variation
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 25; Prenosov: 2
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2. Docking of fatty acid substrates on an alphafold-predicted thioesterase from aureobasidium pullulans : final project paperEvgenija Gagaleska, 2026, diplomsko delo Ključne besede: molecular docking, binding site, enzymesubstrate interactions, protein–ligand binding, databases, structural bioinformatics, protein structure prediction, final project papers
Objavljeno v RUP: 07.08.2026; Ogledov: 138; Prenosov: 7
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3. Clar numbers of leapfrog fullerenesJack E. Graver, Elizabeth J. Hartung, 2025 Opis: A fullerene is a 3-regular plane graph with only hexagonal and pentagonal faces. The Fries number of a fullerene G, F(G), is the maximum number of benzene rings over all possible Kekulé structures for G. The Clar number of G, C(G), is the maximum number of independent benzene rings possible over all possible Kekulé structures for G. In this paper, we show that for leapfrog fullerenes, any set of faces attaining the Clar number is a subset of faces attaining the Fries number. This property is false for fullerenes in general (as shown in paper from E. J. Hartung in 2014). We then show that if L(G) is the leapfrog of a fullerene G, then the Clar number of L(G) is equal to the vertex independence number of G.
Ključne besede: chemical graph theory, fullerenes, leapfrog fullerenes, Clar number, Fries number, Kekulé structure, perfect matching
Objavljeno v RUP: 27.07.2026; Ogledov: 159; Prenosov: 3
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4. The Emergence of the Iron Age in Osor Through Representative Material CultureMartina Blečić Kavur, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Situated at a strategically important position within the Cres–Lošinj archipelago, Osor developed during later prehistory into a (proto)urban settlement and became one of the key centres of the Kvarner region and the northern Adriatic. This research is based on a typological-stylistic, and comparative analysis of published and previously unpublished attire and jewellery finds from three cemeteries, considering their archaeological context and funerary practices. Special emphasis is placed on the types of artefacts identified and their integration into patterns of Iron Age social practices in the Adriatic and wider European regions. The analysis draws on data from archival, systematic, and rescue archaeological investigations, as well as the results of recent absolute dating and bioarchaeological studies. The aim of the paper is to expand the concept of Osor’s archaeology of death through an analysis of representative material culture from closed grave assemblages dating to the initial phase of the Early Iron Age, and to examine its role in the construction of social structures, identities, and networks of interaction. The results indicate internal social differentiation and regional and supra-regional cultural connections, thereby confirming Osor’s role as an important node of interaction between the 10th and 8th centuries BCE.
Ključne besede: Osor, Early Iron Age, burials, material culture, social structure and cultural contacts
Objavljeno v RUP: 09.03.2026; Ogledov: 575; Prenosov: 18
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5. Population genomics and the environmental drivers of population structure in a cosmopolitan marine predator, Tursiops truncatusDaniel M. Moore, André E. Moura, Ada Natoli, Elena Papale, Mónica A. Silva, Tilen Genov, Stefania Gaspari, Giuseppa Buscaino, Per Berggren, A. Rus Hoelzel, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The marine environment comprises vast regions without physical barriers to movement, making the understanding of population isolation and the evolution of diversity challenging. This is especially the case for highly mobile marine species. Here we investigate populations of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) across the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent North Atlantic using high-resolution genomic markers (RADseq) and stable isotope analyses to better understand the evolution of population structure in this system. High-resolution genomic data and broad geographic sampling revealed patterns of structure not previously identified, and integration with stable isotope data suggests that prey choice varies across this region. Unexpected patterns included genetic and isotopic similarity between the North Atlantic and the region around Sicily (but not including the medially located Gulf of Cádiz and surrounding regions). The regional habitat within and beyond the Mediterranean Sea is structured with ocean frontal systems including thermal and halocline transitions, several of which show alignment with genetic transitions within our data. Our data help to distinguish among possible drivers of population differentiation for a marine predator that has the potential for long-distance dispersion. 1 Introduction
Ključne besede: genomics, phylogeography, population structure, stable isotopes, Tursiops truncatus
Objavljeno v RUP: 27.12.2025; Ogledov: 841; Prenosov: 5
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6. Long-term durability of flax-glass hybrid FRP-timber composite structures subjected to hygrothermal environment : experimental and simulationSilu Huang, Libo Yan, Bohumil Kasal, Wei Yang, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper focuses on the experimental and numerical analysis of long-term performance of flax-glass hybrid FRP (HFRP)-laminated veneer lumber (LVL) joints and beams subjected to hygrothermal environment (50℃ and 95 %RH) for six months. The joints and beams with different fibre fabric stacking sequences of HFRP exposed at different exposure intervals (0, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months) were tested under block shear and four-point bending, respectively. The tensile properties of epoxy and HFRP composites under those exposure intervals were also examined to explore degradation mechanisms of HFRP in LVL-HFRP beams. Tensile strength and strain of HFRP showed a major reduction (26.7 – 32.1 %) in the first month of exposure. Hydrolysis and oxidation of epoxy were found to have insignificant effects on HFRP tensile properties, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. A significant decrease (34.7 – 35.7 %) of LVL-HFRP joints in their shear strength was attributed to weakened hydrogen bonds between cellulose and lignin-hemicellulose matrix, along with the degradation and softening of hemicellulose. LVL-GF beams in which the glass fibre layer of HFRP was adhered to LVL exhibited a major reduction in bending strength (23.4 %) after the first month of exposure. In LVL-FG beams where the flax fibre layer was adhered to LVL, a major decrease in bending strength (25.8 %) was observed after two-month exposure. The postponed reduction in LVL-FG beams compared with LVL-GF beams was caused by the slower moisture diffusion in HFRP of LVL-FG beams than that in LVL-GF beams. A diffusion–stress coupled finite element (FE) model was developed, incorporating moisture diffusion and moisture-dependent mechanical properties for both the timber and HFRP components. Based on this model, the flexural response of LVL–HFRP beams after hygrothermal exposure was simulated, showing satisfactory agreement with experimental results. This research developed a step towards the long-term performance evaluation of HFRP-timber composite structures with different fabric stacking sequences of HFRP.
Ključne besede: long-term durability, hybrid FRP, timber-hybrid FRP composite structure
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.12.2025; Ogledov: 776; Prenosov: 4
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7. Review on the structure-property relationship of lignocellulosic materials measured by atomic force microscopyJuan Li, Bohumil Kasal, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: In this review, we provide an overview of how atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on wood or other plant fibers help us understand the structure–property relationship in growing plants, matured wood material, and wood modifications and aging. We selected wood as a model material that can represent a number of lignocellulosic systems and attempted to address the structure–property relationship, as studied in situ. We selected AFM because it allows scientists to study materials in an unaltered, in situ form and relate chemical composition to material properties at a nanoscale level. We summarized the high-resolution measurements of wood cell walls such as topography, adhesion force, modulus, and chemical functional groups using AFM. Our three focus areas were: (1) how the cell wall develops its structure and property in living trees; (2) how the ultrastructure determines cell wall property; and (3) how the modification/aging of the cell wall changes its property in application scenarios.
Ključne besede: wood, fibres, structure
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.12.2025; Ogledov: 739; Prenosov: 5
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