Iskanje po repozitoriju

Opis: Female reproductive hormones such as progesterone and estrogen play an important role in the body as they orchestrate functions of numerous cells including skeletal muscle cells. Onset of menses marks the beginning of reproductive life, whereas menopause marks its cessation. We distinguish three phases of the 28-day menstrual cycle namely follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. The follicular phase is characterised by marked increases in estrogen, which triggers ovulation. During this phase, estrogen peaks, whereas progesterone levels are low. Following ovulation, the luteal phase commences marked by high progesterone levels and reduced estrogen. Indeed, these periodic fluctuations in reproductive hormones may affect rates of muscle protein synthesis and hence hinder sought adaptations such as skeletal muscle hypertrophy in female athletes. With the introduction of hormonal contraceptives, female athletes were able to have ameliorate the negative effects of the menstrual cycle by reducing menstrual cramping and bleeding. Hormonal contraceptives are constituted of a single or multiple synthetic hormones namely estrogen and progestin. Nevertheless, the impact of hormonal contraceptives on skeletal muscle hypertrophy remains elusive. In this review, we aim to present the potential implications of hormonal contraceptives on skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Ključne besede: hormonal contraceptives, estrogen, progesterone, muscle hypertrophy, menstrual cycle, resistance training
Objavljeno v RUP: 07.01.2026; Ogledov: 209; Prenosov: 14
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Opis: Our objective was to investigate the effects of three hip flexion angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) and leg dominance on peak joint torque, angle at peak torque, and peak electromyographic activity (EMGA) of the adductor longus during bilateral eccentric hip adduction. Sixteen recreationally active participants completed bilateral eccentric contractions at each hip flexion angle using a custom-built dynamometer. The primary outcome measures were peak adduction torque, angle at peak torque, and EMGA of the adductor longus. A 3×2 repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the effects of hip angle and leg dominance. Hip flexion angle had a significant main effect on peak torque (F(2, 30) = 15.75, p<0.01), with peak torque significantly lower at 90° compared to 0° and 45°. No significant effects were observed for leg dominance or interaction. No significant main effects of hip flexion angle, leg dominance, or their interaction were observed on peak EMGA or peak torque angle. Eccentric hip adduction strength is reduced at 90° of flexion, likely due to mechanical disadvantage, while neural activation remains unchanged. These findings support the use of less flexed positions in eccentric training protocols for adductor strength development or injury prevention.
Ključne besede: adductor longus, eccentric training, injury prevention, strength
Objavljeno v RUP: 19.11.2025; Ogledov: 400; Prenosov: 9
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Opis: Background The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in achieving peak athletic performance either during training or in competitions. Despite its significance, the GI tract’s role in the training process of athletes is often neglected, resulting in frequent GI symptoms. These disturbances are particularly prevalent in endurance sports, where GI function is commonly compromised, leading to adverse effects on performance. In this review, we examine potential nutritional causes of the GI symptoms and provide possible solutions to mitigate them, aiming to enhance athletes’ overall performance and well-being. Methods PRISMA methodology was used to search through PubMed Database from January 2023 to March 2023. The selected studies were comprised of randomized controlled trials, crossover trials and case studies. Results Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The studies were categorized into five distinct areas of research on GI symptoms in endurance exercise: gut training protocols, effects of different carbohydrate solutions and mixtures, low FODMAP diet, hydrogel CHO technology, and probiotic supplementation. Gut training protocols seem promising in improving GI symptoms over time. Optimizing carbohydrate intake during exercise according to current recommendations has been associated with lower incidence and severity of GI symptoms as well. The low FODMAP diet also shows potential to reduce GI symptoms, although its restrictive nature could negatively affect athletes in other ways. Hydrogel carbohydrate products, at present, do not demonstrate any benefits over standard carbohydrate products. Probiotic supplementation shows mixed evidence regarding its effectiveness in alleviating and reducing GI symptoms during endurance exercise. Conclusion We have acknowledged that the onset of GI symptoms is very complex, and that onset is influenced by a huge variety of factors. It should be emphasized that the elimination of GI symptoms in each athlete must be approached individually and thoughtfully.
Ključne besede: gastrointestinal distress, carbohydrates, FODMAP, gut training, probiotics
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.07.2025; Ogledov: 1146; Prenosov: 7
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Opis: We examined eye and head movements to gain insights into skill development in clinical settings. A total of 24 practitioners participated in simulated baby delivery training sessions. We calculated key metrics, including pupillary response rate, fixation duration, or angular velocity. Our findings indicate that eye and head tracking can effectively differentiate between trained and untrained practitioners, particularly during labor tasks. For example, head-related features achieved an F1 score of 0.85 and AUC of 0.86, whereas pupil-related features achieved F1 score of 0.77 and AUC of 0.85. The results lay the groundwork for computational models that support implicit skill assessment and training in clinical settings by using commodity eye-tracking glasses as a complementary device to more traditional evaluation methods such as subjective scores.
Ključne besede: eye movemens, head movements, simulation training
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.06.2025; Ogledov: 900; Prenosov: 14
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Ključne besede: isoinertial training, EMG, eccentric exercise, overload, muscle coordination
Objavljeno v RUP: 06.05.2021; Ogledov: 3719; Prenosov: 57
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