Iskanje po repozitoriju

Opis: The (\sigma_t)-irregularity (or sigma total index) is a graph invariant defined as [ \sigma_t(G)=\sum_{{u,v}\subseteq V(G)}(d(u)-d(v))^2, ] where (d(z)) denotes the degree of a vertex (z). This irregularity measure was proposed by Réti in 2019 and recently rediscovered by Dimitrov and Stevanović in 2023. In this paper, we remark that (\sigma_t(G)=n^2\operatorname{Var}(G)), where (\operatorname{Var}(G)) is the degree variance of the graph. We show that among all complete bipartite graphs on (n) vertices, one of the corresponding complete bipartite graphs whose part sizes are closest to (n(2-\sqrt{2})/4) and (n(2+\sqrt{2})/4) has the maximum sigma total index. Moreover, various upper and lower bounds for (\sigma_t)-irregularity are provided. In this direction, we establish a relation between the graph energy (\mathcal{E}(G)) and (\sigma_t)-irregularity and derive bounds related to the Laplacian eigenvalues of the graph.
Ključne besede: irregularity, total irregularity, energy of graphs, Laplacian eigenvalues
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 184; Prenosov: 6
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Opis: The article addresses two real-world decision-making problems faced by customers who are offered two mutually exclusive supermarket discount formats: an unconditional per-selected-item discount and a conditional per-purchase discount applicable only when the total purchase amount reaches a specified spending threshold. The analysis provides a normative benchmark for comparing these formats from the customer's perspective and determines what a customer should do, once they have selected their cart, to minimise total payment. When the threshold is reached, the problem reduces to a monetary comparison between applying a higher discount to a most expensive item in the cart and applying a lower discount to the overall purchase. When the threshold is not reached, the problem becomes more complex, as the analysis requires determining whether applying a higher discount to a most expensive item in the original cart results in a lower or higher total payment than adding an additional item to reach the threshold and applying a lower discount to the new total purchase amount. To automate the required calculations and thereby facilitate discount comparisons, we provide a prototype decision aid in the form of R functions, which could serve as a basis for supermarket decision-support tools.
Ključne besede: customer behaviour, decision theory, normative benchmark, per-purchase discount, per-selected-item discount
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 217; Prenosov: 10
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Opis: Wildfires are increasingly recognized as environmental disturbances associated with socio economic transformations in agrarian systems. This study examines the associations between reported wildfire exposure, land-market outcomes, and agrarian inequality in the Malakand Division of northern Pakistan, a region characterized by forest–agriculture interfaces and livelihood dependence on land. The study aims to analyze how different levels of wildfire exposure are associated with land values, ownership patterns, market transactions, inequality, and coping strategies among farming households. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed using a sample of 400 households selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square tests, multiple and logistic regression, hierarchical regression, and principal component analysis. Results show that reported land values differed sig nificantly across wildfire-exposure categories (F = 48.72, p < 0.001), with directly exposed households reporting the lowest values. Regression analysis identified direct wildfire exposure as the strongest negative statistical predictor of reported land value (β = −0.468, p < 0.001). Retrospectively reported landholding data show an increase in the Gini coefficient from 0.41 before the reported fire period to 0.53 afterward. The addition of land-transaction variables increased the explained variance in agrarian inequality to 72%, which is consistent with a potential land-market pathway but does not constitute evidence of causal mediation. Coping strategies such as land sale, migration, and borrowing emerged as dominant reported responses among affected households. The study concludes that wildfire exposure is strongly associated with land devaluation, land sales, and greater agrarian inequality. Because the study is cross sectional and lacks an independently observed pre-fire baseline or causal identification strategy, these findings should not be interpreted as definitive causal effects.
Ključne besede: wildfires, land markets, agrarian inequality, distress land sales, rural livelihoods
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 160; Prenosov: 8
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Ključne besede: demenca, generacije, medgeneracijska druženja, otroci, starejši
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 158; Prenosov: 15
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Opis: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between compassion and burnout among employees in social care institutions. A quantitative non-experimental research design was employed. Data were collected between October and December 2025 in five nursing homes for older adults in the North Primorska region. 158 nursing employees were recruited using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that employees had a moderate level of burnout and high levels of compassion. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that higher overall compassion was significantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion (ρ = −0.271, p-value 0.001) and depersonalisation (ρ = −0.318, p-value 0.001), and with higher personal accomplishment (ρ = 0.644, p-value 0.001). However, multiple regression analysis showed that compassion was not a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion or depersonalisation, while it significantly predicted personal accomplishment. Work experience and gender emerged as significant predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. The study’s findings indicate that compassion supports employee well-being, particularly by enhancing personal accomplishment; however, burnout is also influenced by demographic and organisational factors. Therefore, preventing burnout requires both strengthening individual compassion and improving organisational conditions such as staffing, workload, and support.
Ključne besede: compassion, nurses, professional burnout, social care institutions
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 234; Prenosov: 5
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