81. Extreme hollow hexagons with respect to the Mostar indexRoberto Cruz, Andrés Santamaría-Galvis, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The Mostar index of a connected graph is a well-known distance-based topologicalindex. Hollow hexagons are coronoid systems that represent coronoid hydrocarbons be-longing to the class of cycloarenes. They are formed by a single chain in a macro-cyclicarrangement consisting of linearly and angularly annelated hexagons, with exactly six an-gular hexagons. In this paper, we compute the Mostar index of hollow hexagons and findmaximal and minimal values of the Mostar index over the set of hollow hexagons with afixed number of hexagons.
Ključne besede: Mostar index, hollow hexagons, cut method, extremal values
Objavljeno v RUP: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 342; Prenosov: 11
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82. The genetic trail of the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus from the east to the west of Northern ItalyLaura Soresinetti, Giovanni Naro, Irene Arnoldi, Andrea Mosca, Katja Adam, Heung Chul Kim, Terry A. Klein, Francesco Gradoni, Fabrizio Montarsi, Claudio Bandi, Sara Epis, Paolo Gabrieli, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background Aedes koreicus is native to Far East Asia and recorded in Europe since 2008. In Italy, Ae. koreicus is widespread throughout the Northern part of the peninsula, highlighting its invasive potential and spread. However, no clear clues about the dispersal patterns of the species have been collected so far. Methodology/Principal findings Population genetic analyses were performed to assess the genetic structure of populations of Ae. koreicus and to make hypotheses about its dispersal patterns in Northern Italy. Ten microsatellite markers specific for Ae. koreicus were used to genotype 414 individuals from 13 populations in the pre-alpine area of Italy, and neighboring Slovenia. Basic and Bayesian population genetic analyses were performed to evaluate patterns of genetic variation, genetic structure, and demography of selected mosquito populations. While presenting a certain degree of structuring, the Italian and Slovenian populations of Ae. koreicus were poorly differentiated. Moreover, demographic analysis supports the expansion of a single population propagule of Ae. koreicus in Italy and Slovenia and provides evidence of the presence of overwintering populations in the studied area. Conclusions/Significance Our results highlight a common origin, and stable colonization of Northern Italy and Slovenia, as a probable consequence of the expansion of a unique population. This stresses out the importance of continuous monitoring of Ae. koreicus, to finally uncover the geographic origins and entrance pathways of invasive populations and to prevent or limit further introductions.
Ključne besede: Aedes koreicus, Italy, genetics
Objavljeno v RUP: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 357; Prenosov: 5
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83. Navigating COP16’s digital sequence information outcomes : what researchers need to do in practiceMelania Muñoz-García, Amber Hartman Scholz, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: The UN Convention on Biological Diversity adopted new rules for sharing benefits from publicly available genetic sequence data, also known as digital sequence information (DSI). In this Opinion, the authors describe the key elements researchers need to be aware of, address real-life questions, and explain the practical implications of these rules for research and development.
Ključne besede: COP16, digital sequence information, sequences, research
Objavljeno v RUP: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 403; Prenosov: 6
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84. On commutative association schemes and associated (directed) graphsGiusy Monzillo, Safet Penjić, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Let ${\mathcal M}$ denote the Bose--Mesner algebra of a commutative $d$-class association scheme ${\mathfrak X}$ (not necessarily symmetric), and $\Gamma$ denote a (strongly) connected (directed) graph with adjacency matrix $A$. Under the assumption that $A$ belongs to ${\mathcal M}$, we describe the combinatorial structure of $\Gamma$. Moreover, we provide an algebraic-combinatorial characterization of $\Gamma$ when $A$ generates ${\mathcal M}$. Among else, we show that, if ${\mathfrak X}$ is a commutative $3$-class association scheme that is not an amorphic symmetric scheme, then we can always find a (directed) graph $\Gamma$ such that the adjacency matrix $A$ of $\Gamma$ generates the Bose--Mesner algebra ${\mathcal M}$ of ${\mathfrak X}$.
Ključne besede: commutative association schemes, association schemes, Bose-Mesner algebra, equitable partition, graphs generating schemes, quotient-polynomial graphs, x-distance-faithful intersection diagram
Objavljeno v RUP: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 321; Prenosov: 4
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85. In the constellation of dark personality traits : a scoping review of the dark personality coreNik Čavlovič, Vesna Jug, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Since the emergence of the Dark Triad/Dark Tetrad personality constructs, a growing body of literature has suggested a common core underlying socially aversive behaviors. With a multitude of diverse explanations on the horizon, the literature has become ambiguous and vague within the context of the dark personality framework, warranting further clarity. A scoping literature review was conducted by electronically searching five databases, yielding 12 articles included in the investigation. The results support the notion that the field of dark personality traits can progress from factorial trait labels toward a perspective where aversive traits are seen as emergent from interactions between individual components. These traits manifest as the most prominent candidate for the dark core, the Dark Factor of Personality (D), which encompasses the general tendency of malevolent characters in normal populations. The most notable measures in this context are the HEXACO model, with an emphasis on the Honesty-Humility dimension, and the D70, a set of items providing the most comprehensive representation of D. It is concluded that manifested socially aversive behaviors, accompanied by beliefs that serve as justifications, parallel two main components: the Antagonism component (promoting disutility for others) and the Emotional component (deficits in affective empathy).
Ključne besede: dark personality core, dark factor of personality, dark triad, dark tetrad, HEXACO honesty-humility
Objavljeno v RUP: 25.09.2025; Ogledov: 326; Prenosov: 7
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86. Conformal hypergraphs : duality and implications for the upper clique transversal problemEndre Boros, Vladimir Gurvich, Martin Milanič, Yushi Uno, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Given a hypergraph H, the dual hypergraph of H is the hypergraph of all minimal transversals of H. The dual hypergraph is always Sperner, that is, no hyperedge contains another. A special case of Sperner hypergraphs are the conformal Sperner hypergraphs, which correspond to the families of maximal cliques of graphs. All these notions play an important role in many fields of mathematics and computer science, including combinatorics, algebra, database theory, etc. In this paper we study conformality of dual hypergraphs and prove several results related to the problem of recognizing this property. In particular, we show that the problem is in co-NP and can be solved in polynomial time for hypergraphs of bounded dimension. In the special case of dimension 3, we reduce the problem to 2-Satisfiability. Our approach has an implication in algorithmic graph theory: we obtain a polynomial-time algorithm for recognizing graphs in which all minimal transversals of maximal cliques have size at most k, for any fixed k.
Ključne besede: conformal hypergraph, dual hypergraph, hypergraph, maximal clique, upper clique transversal
Objavljeno v RUP: 25.09.2025; Ogledov: 322; Prenosov: 4
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87. Is open source the future of AI? : a data-driven approachDomen Vake, Bogdan Šinik, Jernej Vičič, Aleksandar Tošić, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Large language models (LLMs) have become central to both academic research and industrial applications, fueling debates on their accuracy, usability, privacy, and potential misuse. While proprietary models benefit from substantial investments in data and computing resources, open-sourcing is often suggested as a means to enhance trust and transparency. Yet, open-sourcing comes with its own challenges, such as risks of illicit applications, limited financial incentives, and intellectual property concerns. Positioned between these extremes are hybrid approaches—including partially open models and licensing restrictions—that aim to balance openness with control. In this paper, we adopt a data-driven approach to examine the open-source development of LLMs. By analyzing contributions in model improvements, modifications, and methodologies, we assess how community efforts impact model performance. Our findings indicate that the open-source community can significantly enhance models, demonstrating that community-driven modifications can yield efficiency gains without compromising performance. Moreover, our analysis reveals distinct trends in community growth and highlights which architectures benefit disproportionately from open-source engagement. These insights provide an empirical foundation to inform balanced discussions among industry experts and policymakers on the future direction of AI development.
Ključne besede: large language models, artificial intelligence, open source, data science, HuggingFace
Objavljeno v RUP: 25.09.2025; Ogledov: 475; Prenosov: 4
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88. Population structure and habitat connectivity of Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Slovenia : implications for conservation and landscape managementJure Jugovic, Ines Gorkič, Martina Lužnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: We studied the vulnerable Scarce Large Blue butterfly (Phengaris teleius) population in loosely connected wet grasslands in southern Slovenia. Our goal was to understand the distribution and demographic traits of this population within the Seasonal Lakes of Pivka Nature Park (KP PPJ). From 2021 to 2022, we mapped suitable habitat patches in KP PPJ with the larval host plant Sanguisorba officinalis and host ant Myrmica spp. Out of eight identified potential patches, five were inhabited for at least one year. Our dispersal model, using an inverse-power function, indicated that all but one suitable patch could be connected by migrations of at least 1% of either sex, suggesting a metapopulation structure. The clustered habitat distribution (nearest neighbour index = 0.14) highlights the role of each patch as a “stepping stone” within the system. We also assessed demographic parameters in a subset of three patches: Klenik, Kalec, and Zagorje. In 2021, mark-release-recapture estimated the populations in two inhabited patches (Klenik, Kalec) at 197 males (95% CI: 159–265) and 315 females (95% CI: 205–525), showing a female-biased sex ratio (males : females = 1 : 1.6). We recorded a relatively long average life span (4.4 and 8.4 days for males and females, respectively) and a weak protandry, however about three-quarters of the population was present simultaneously, mainly in the largest patch (Klenik: > 85%). Recorded demographic traits (female-biased sex ratio, long lifespan, simultaneous peaks of both sexes, and high dispersal) support the persistence of this metapopulation. However, conservation efforts and a denser network of suitable patches are crucial to maintain its viability at this range’s southern edge.
Ključne besede: butterfly, mark-release-recapture, demography, movement, metapopulation
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.09.2025; Ogledov: 376; Prenosov: 5
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89. Vertex numbers of simplicial complexes with free abelian fundamental groupFlorian Frick, Matt Superdock, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: We show that the minimum number of vertices of a simplicial complex with fundamental group ℤn is at most O(n) and at least Ω(n3/4). For the upper bound, we use a result on orthogonal 1-factorizations of K2n. For the lower bound, we use a fractional Sylvester–Gallai result. This application of extremal results in discrete geometry seems to be new. We also prove that any group presentation ⟨S|R⟩ ≅ ℤn whose relations are of the form gahbic for g, h, i ∈ S has at least Ω(n3/2) generators.
Ključne besede: simplicial complex, fundamental group, incidence geometry
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.09.2025; Ogledov: 481; Prenosov: 5
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