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46. Adherence and metabolic outcomes of early and late time-restricted eating with energy restriction vs. energy restriction alone : a 6-month follow-upTanja Črešnovar, Bernarda Habe, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Ana Petelin, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: Background/Objectives: Long-term weight maintenance remains challenging with conventional dietary strategies due to various barriers. Time-restricted eating (TRE) has recently attracted attention as a potential approach to improve adherence, but evidence on long-term maintenance is limited. We investigated the 6-month follow-up (6FU) of early time-restricted eating with energy restriction (eTRE + ER), late time-restricted eating with energy restriction (lTRE + ER) and energy restriction alone (ER). Methods: This 6FU included 69 of 93 participants from a previously conducted 3-month intervention (3INT). After the intervention, participants returned to free-living conditions without dietary guidance. Outcomes included adherence, perceived barriers, body composition, blood pressure, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic hormones, subjective appetite, and dietary intake. Results: Adherence of at least ≥5 days per week was low: 7.7% (eTRE + ER), 18.2% (lTRE + ER), and 9.5% (ER). Reduced adherence during the 6FU was associated with a partial reversal of improvements in body mass, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic hormones, and subjective appetite observed during the 3INT. Analysis of perceived barriers showed that environmental and psychosocial barriers were significant predictors of changes in body mass during the 6FU, while environmental and behavioral barriers were associated with extension of the eating window. These associations were most pronounced in the eTRE + ER group. Conclusions: During the 6FU, differences between dietary strategies gradually diminished, although some remained clinically meaningful. Long-term adherence was low across all three dietary strategies, with psychosocial, environmental, and behavioral barriers particularly evident in the eTRE + ER group. Further research is needed to confirm long-term adherence before TRE + ER interventions can be widely applied in clinical practice.
Keywords: early time-restricted eating, late time-restricted eating, energy restriction, overweight, obesity
Published in RUP: 22.03.2026; Views: 655; Downloads: 15
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47. Machine learning identifies distinct movement control impairment clusters in patients with chronic neck painŽiva Majcen Rošker, Jernej Rošker, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: atients with chronic neck pain experience various impairments, with reduced movement control suggested as a significant contributing factor. The heterogeneity of this patient population and suboptimal rehabilitation outcomes suggests the existence of latent subgroup characteristics. The aim of this study was to identify distinct groups among patients with neck pain based on the movement control test and pain intensity and to provide information on cluster-specific impairments. 135 patients with idiopathic neck pain performed a movement control test (the Butterfly test) at three difficulty levels and were assessed for pain intensity, providing 13 different parameters (classifiers). Louvain, hierarchical and k-means clustering methods were applied and the number of clusters determined by observing the symmetry and size of silhouette scores. Further, different machine learning algorithms were applied to develop and evaluate a classification framework (based on AUC, classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity) and to provide information on individual cluster characteristics using the Shapley Additive Explanations. The k-means and deep learning neural network methods provided the most efficient clustering and classification performance extracting 4 meaningful clusters. Patients between groups differed in the amount of impairment, with cluster 2 and 1 representing the most severe impairments and with clusters 3 and 4 the least severe impairments. Additionally, specific motor control impairments were observed in individual clusters suggesting distinct neck movement control adaptations. Identifying subgroups of patients with neck pain and their specific characteristics based on the results of the Butterfly test may inform future development of targeted rehabilitation strategies.
Keywords: neck pain, kinesthesia, proprioception clustering, machine learning
Published in RUP: 16.03.2026; Views: 510; Downloads: 6
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