21. The impact of bicycle configuration on cycling biomechanics : a brief narrative reviewNika Klaužer, Žiga Kozinc, 2026, strokovni članek Opis: This brief narrative review examined the effects of bicycle configuration on cycling biomechanics, with particular emphasis on saddle height, saddle fore–aft position, and frame geometry. Relevant peer-reviewed studies that experimentally manipulated bicycle settings and assessed biomechanical outcomes were identified and narratively synthesized. The available evidence indicates that saddle height has the clearest influence on lower-limb kinematics, particularly at the knee and hip, and may also affect joint loading, pedal-force effectiveness, and mechanical efficiency. Lower saddle positions generally increase knee flexion and may increase local knee loading, whereas higher positions promote greater lower-limb extension, although their effects on metabolic economy are not consistent. Saddle fore–aft position primarily alters the distribution of mechanical work between the hip and knee, with a more rearward position generally increasing hip contribution and force effectiveness, but potentially increasing loading of posterior and lateral soft-tissue structures. Changes in frame geometry appear to have smaller effects on global biomechanical outcomes, although they may modify muscle activation and movement strategy. Overall, bicycle configuration should not be optimized according to a single biomechanical criterion. Rather, bike fitting should balance performance, comfort, metabolic demands, and potential injury risk, while accounting for the cyclist’s anthropometry, mobility, experience, and specific goals
Ključne besede: cycling, biomechanics, kinesiology
Objavljeno v RUP: 31.07.2026; Ogledov: 327; Prenosov: 13
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22. Did the COVID-19 pandemic mask an increase in musculoskeletal disorder–related sickness absence : a national ecological surveillance study of the Slovenian workforce and healthcare sector, 2015–2024Dorjana Zerbo Šporin, Martin Šporin, Žiga Kozinc, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Aim To examine trends in musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)–related sickness absence in Slovenia from 2015 to 2024 among healthcare workers (HCWs) and compare patterns with the general workforce (GWs), with particular attention to prepandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic trajectories and sex-related differences. Subject and methods This population-level ecological surveillance study used aggregated national administrative data from the National Institute of Public Health of Slovenia. Annual sickness absence incidence rates (cases per 100 employees) were calculated for HCWs (NACE Rev. 2, Division 86) and GWs aged 20–65 years. Data were stratified by sex and calendar year. Sex differences were quantified using incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results MSD-related sickness absence incidence was consistently higher among HCWs than GWs throughout the observation period, with crude HCWs-versus-GWs IRRs ranging from 1.16 to 1.28. Incidence increased from 7.41 to 9.86 cases per 100 employees in GWs and from 8.90 to 11.43 cases per 100 employees in HCWs between 2015 and 2024. In both sectors, incidence declined during 2020–2021 but subsequently increased, exceeding pre-pandemic levels by 2024. Women had higher incidence than men in both workforce groups, with IRRs calculated from incidence rates averaged across the full observation period of 1.41 (95% CI=1.40–1.41) in GWs and 1.67 (95% CI=1.62–1.71) in HCWs. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily masked a continuing upward trend in MSD-related sickness absence in Slovenia. The burden remains disproportionately high among HCWs and women. These findings support the need for sectorspecific and sex-sensitive prevention strategies and continued national surveillance
Ključne besede: pandemic, covid19, coronavirus, sick leave
Objavljeno v RUP: 28.07.2026; Ogledov: 307; Prenosov: 9
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24. Digitalna in zdravstvena pismenost ljudi, starih 55 let in večAndraž Šterk, Almin Kljajić, Denis Karahasanović, Sabina Ličen, Mirko Prosen, Rebeka Lekše, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: digitalne kompetence, zdravstvene informacije, e-zdravje, ozaveščanje
Objavljeno v RUP: 24.07.2026; Ogledov: 330; Prenosov: 11
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25. The effects of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction on muscle performance, muscle mass, and function in older adults : a systematic reviewMatic Jelen, Manca Zupančič Opara, Nejc Šarabon, 2026, pregledni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: aging, strength, power, endurance, frailty, hypertrophy, BFR, ischemia
Objavljeno v RUP: 24.07.2026; Ogledov: 375; Prenosov: 10
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26. Test–retest reliability of postural sway measures using a portable low-cost force plate in healthy adultsMiha Vindiš, Žiga Kozinc, Nenad Nedović, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background and Purpose Center of pressure (CoP) metrics derived from force plates are widely used to quantify postural control, but laboratory-grade systems limit routine clinical and field implementation. Portable low-cost force plates could enable physiotherapists to monitor balance longitudinally, provided that their measurements are sufficiently reliable and clinically interpretable. This study addresses a gap in the literature by systematically comparing the test–retest reliability of CoP outcomes across bipedal and single-leg stance conditions using a portable low-cost force plate, providing device-specific and task-specific validation data relevant to clinical and field-based implementation. Methods This test–retest reliability study included 27 healthy young adults who completed two laboratory sessions 7–10 days apart. In each session, participants performed three 30-s trials of bipedal quiet stance and three 30-s trials of single-leg stance on each leg barefoot with standardized arm position and visual fixation. Mean values across repetitions were analyzed. Relative reliability was assessed using two-way mixed-effects ICC for absolute agreement (3,1), with 95% confidence intervals. Absolute reliability was quantified using typical error (TE) and coefficient of variation (CV). Paired t-tests evaluated systematic between-session differences. Results Across all outcomes, single-leg stance demonstrated substantially higher inter-session reliability compared to bipedal stance. Measures of total CoP displacement and velocity during single-leg stance exhibited good to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.85–0.90) and low absolute error (CV ≈ 8%), with direction-specific displacements showing similarly consistent results (ICC = 0.83–0.90; CV generally < 10%). In contrast, the CoP ellipse area and standard deviation measures were considerably less stable (ICC = 0.57–0.79) and displayed markedly higher variability (CV ≈ 16%–23%). The contrast was even more pronounced in the bipedal stance, where reliability was poor to moderate across all parameters (ICC = 0.39–0.65), with the ellipse area exhibiting excessive variability (CV > 60%). Notably, no systematic between-session differences were observed for most outcomes, further supporting the consistency of the measurements. Discussion In healthy young adults, single-leg stance provides more reliable CoP measures than bipedal quiet stance when using a portable low-cost force plate. Displacement- and velocity-based outcomes during single-leg stance appear most suitable for repeated assessments and monitoring. MDC95 values should be interpreted strictly as measurement-error thresholds and not as indicators of clinical responsiveness or meaningful clinical change because responsiveness was not evaluated.
Ključne besede: balance, reliability, force plate
Objavljeno v RUP: 08.07.2026; Ogledov: 379; Prenosov: 13
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29. Effects of dance-based exercise on health indicators in cancer patients : a systematic review and meta-analysisSara Zgonc, Aleksandra Ilić, Matej Plevnik, Žiga Kozinc, Saša Jovanović, 2026, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction:Dance-based exercise has been increasingly explored as a complementary intervention in oncology, with potential benefits for physical, psychological, and social health. However, evidence remains inconsistent, and the overall strength of evidence has not been clearly established. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of dance-based exercise on health indicators in individuals with cancer. Methods:A systematic search of the literature was conducted in April 2025. Randomized controlled trials investigating dance-based interventions in adults with cancer were included. Outcomes of interest were quality of life, depression, and stress. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Where outcome measures were comparable, random-effects meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Results:Meta-analytic results indicated that dance-based exercise significantly improved physical aspects of quality of life (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.61, 95% CI [0.07, 1.15], P = .03). A positive but non-significant trend was observed for the social/family component of quality of life (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI [−0.21, 1.95], P = .11). Heterogeneity across studies was high for both analyses. For depression and stress, pooled results did not reach statistical significance, although several individual trials reported improvements, particularly among participants with higher baseline stress levels. Evidence was very low to low quality. Conclusions:Overall, findings suggest that dance-based exercise represents a feasible and beneficial complementary intervention that can enhance selected dimensions of quality of life among cancer patients. Further research employing standardized intervention protocols and consistent outcome measures is needed to better characterize the magnitude and specificity of effects across psychological and physical health domains.
Ključne besede: cancer, dance interventions, quality of life, physical activities, stress, depression
Objavljeno v RUP: 30.06.2026; Ogledov: 379; Prenosov: 10
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