Iskanje po repozitoriju

Opis: Lignocellulose is an ideal precursor for supercapacitor electrodes due to its diverse structures and abundant availability. For supercapacitors, particularly electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pore structure is critical. This review summarizes advances in lignocellulose-derived hierarchical porous carbon (LHPC) for supercapacitors, focusing on pore structure and future research directions. We discuss how pore structure influences supercapacitor performance, the activation methods for creating pores in LHPC, and review studies on optimizing pore structure for high-performance supercapacitors. Hierarchical porous carbon should feature a sufficient micropore surface area along with suitable mesoporous and macroporous surfaces to enhance rate performance while maintaining capacitance. This review is expected to actively advance the selection of lignocellulosic precursors and the development of optimized pore structure models, with the ultimate goal of enabling efficient production of lignocellulose-derived hierarchical porous carbon electrodes with superior properties.
Ključne besede: lignocellulose, performance, carbon
Objavljeno v RUP: 29.12.2025; Ogledov: 147; Prenosov: 2
Celotno besedilo (39,21 MB)
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Opis: This paper focuses on the experimental and numerical analysis of long-term performance of flax-glass hybrid FRP (HFRP)-laminated veneer lumber (LVL) joints and beams subjected to hygrothermal environment (50℃ and 95 %RH) for six months. The joints and beams with different fibre fabric stacking sequences of HFRP exposed at different exposure intervals (0, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months) were tested under block shear and four-point bending, respectively. The tensile properties of epoxy and HFRP composites under those exposure intervals were also examined to explore degradation mechanisms of HFRP in LVL-HFRP beams. Tensile strength and strain of HFRP showed a major reduction (26.7 – 32.1 %) in the first month of exposure. Hydrolysis and oxidation of epoxy were found to have insignificant effects on HFRP tensile properties, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. A significant decrease (34.7 – 35.7 %) of LVL-HFRP joints in their shear strength was attributed to weakened hydrogen bonds between cellulose and lignin-hemicellulose matrix, along with the degradation and softening of hemicellulose. LVL-GF beams in which the glass fibre layer of HFRP was adhered to LVL exhibited a major reduction in bending strength (23.4 %) after the first month of exposure. In LVL-FG beams where the flax fibre layer was adhered to LVL, a major decrease in bending strength (25.8 %) was observed after two-month exposure. The postponed reduction in LVL-FG beams compared with LVL-GF beams was caused by the slower moisture diffusion in HFRP of LVL-FG beams than that in LVL-GF beams. A diffusion–stress coupled finite element (FE) model was developed, incorporating moisture diffusion and moisture-dependent mechanical properties for both the timber and HFRP components. Based on this model, the flexural response of LVL–HFRP beams after hygrothermal exposure was simulated, showing satisfactory agreement with experimental results. This research developed a step towards the long-term performance evaluation of HFRP-timber composite structures with different fabric stacking sequences of HFRP.
Ključne besede: long-term durability, hybrid FRP, timber-hybrid FRP composite structure
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.12.2025; Ogledov: 185; Prenosov: 2
Celotno besedilo (6,59 MB)
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Opis: In this review, we provide an overview of how atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on wood or other plant fibers help us understand the structure–property relationship in growing plants, matured wood material, and wood modifications and aging. We selected wood as a model material that can represent a number of lignocellulosic systems and attempted to address the structure–property relationship, as studied in situ. We selected AFM because it allows scientists to study materials in an unaltered, in situ form and relate chemical composition to material properties at a nanoscale level. We summarized the high-resolution measurements of wood cell walls such as topography, adhesion force, modulus, and chemical functional groups using AFM. Our three focus areas were: (1) how the cell wall develops its structure and property in living trees; (2) how the ultrastructure determines cell wall property; and (3) how the modification/aging of the cell wall changes its property in application scenarios.
Ključne besede: wood, fibres, structure
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.12.2025; Ogledov: 134; Prenosov: 2
Celotno besedilo (12,38 MB)
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Opis: This joint Position Paper, developed by the Italian Expert Panel on Alzheimer convened by the Italian Society of Neurology with participation from multiple scientific societies, outlines strategic guidelines for reorganizing the patient journey in the era of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer’s disease. Emphasizing a multidisciplinary and integrated approach, the document recommends a patient journey that begins with early identification of cognitive impairment by General Practitioners, continues with specialized assessments at Memory and Dementia Centres, and leads, in carefully selected cases, to initiation of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody therapy. It advocates the rational use of diagnostic tools, including plasma and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, advanced neuroimaging (MRI and PET), and genetic profiling (ApoE genotyping), not only to identify eligible patients but also to stratify those requiring alternative care strategies. The paper further defines minimum requirements for the accreditation of prescribing and infusion centres, highlighting the clinical competencies, structural resources, and inter-professional communication protocols necessary to ensure safety and appropriateness. Recognizing both the therapeutic potential and the organizational challenges associated with anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, the document aims to guide healthcare policymakers, institutions, and practitioners toward a coordinated reorganization of the diagnostic-therapeutic pathway, ensuring the safe and effective use of these treatments and ultimately improving outcomes and quality of care for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.
Ključne besede: Alzheimer’s disease, disease-modifying therapies, anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, biomarkers, clinical implementation
Objavljeno v RUP: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 116; Prenosov: 2
Celotno besedilo (1,22 MB)
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Opis: Background: Suicide underreporting undermines accurate public health assessments and resource allocation for suicide prevention. This study aims at synthesizing evidence on suicide underreporting and to estimate a global underreporting rate. Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review on suicide underreporting, following a pre-registered protocol. A meta-analytical synthesis was also conducted. Quantitative data from individual studies was extracted to provide an overall global estimate of suicide underreporting (42 studies covering 71 countries out of the initial 770 unique studies, spanning 1900–2021). Most studies used retrospective institutional datasets to estimate underreporting through reclassification of undetermined deaths or comparisons across databases. Demographic and geographic disparities were also examined. Results: The 42 studies selected provided some quantitative data on suicide underreporting for general or specific populations. 14 of these studies provided data to be meta-analyzed. The global suicide underreporting rate was estimated to be 17.9% (95% CI: 10.9–28.1%) with large differences between countries with high and low/very low data quality. In this scenario, the last WHO estimates of suicide deaths – corrected for underreporting – would be more than one million (1,000,638; 95% CI: 859,511–1,293,006) and not 727,000 suicides per year. Underreporting was higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with incomplete death registration systems, such as India and China (34.9%; 95% CI 20.3–53%), while high-income countries exhibited lower rates (11.5%; 95% CI 6.6–19.3%). Contributing factors included stigma, religiosity, limited forensic resources, and inconsistent use of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Gender and age disparities were notable; Female suicides and those among younger or older individuals were more likely to be misclassified. Discussion: Addressing suicide underreporting requires improving death registration systems globally, particularly in LMICs. Standardizing ICD usage, improving forensic capacity, and reducing stigma are critical steps to ensure accurate data. Heterogeneity, geographical disparities, temporal biases, and invariance of suicide underreporting for countries with low-quality data demand further corroboration of these findings.
Ključne besede: misclassification, under-reporting, suicide, global burden, global health estimates
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 162; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (1,67 MB)
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