Iskanje po repozitoriju

Opis: The (\sigma_t)-irregularity (or sigma total index) is a graph invariant defined as [ \sigma_t(G)=\sum_{{u,v}\subseteq V(G)}(d(u)-d(v))^2, ] where (d(z)) denotes the degree of a vertex (z). This irregularity measure was proposed by Réti in 2019 and recently rediscovered by Dimitrov and Stevanović in 2023. In this paper, we remark that (\sigma_t(G)=n^2\operatorname{Var}(G)), where (\operatorname{Var}(G)) is the degree variance of the graph. We show that among all complete bipartite graphs on (n) vertices, one of the corresponding complete bipartite graphs whose part sizes are closest to (n(2-\sqrt{2})/4) and (n(2+\sqrt{2})/4) has the maximum sigma total index. Moreover, various upper and lower bounds for (\sigma_t)-irregularity are provided. In this direction, we establish a relation between the graph energy (\mathcal{E}(G)) and (\sigma_t)-irregularity and derive bounds related to the Laplacian eigenvalues of the graph.
Ključne besede: irregularity, total irregularity, energy of graphs, Laplacian eigenvalues
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 7; Prenosov: 2
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Opis: Wildfires are increasingly recognized as environmental disturbances associated with socio economic transformations in agrarian systems. This study examines the associations between reported wildfire exposure, land-market outcomes, and agrarian inequality in the Malakand Division of northern Pakistan, a region characterized by forest–agriculture interfaces and livelihood dependence on land. The study aims to analyze how different levels of wildfire exposure are associated with land values, ownership patterns, market transactions, inequality, and coping strategies among farming households. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed using a sample of 400 households selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square tests, multiple and logistic regression, hierarchical regression, and principal component analysis. Results show that reported land values differed sig nificantly across wildfire-exposure categories (F = 48.72, p < 0.001), with directly exposed households reporting the lowest values. Regression analysis identified direct wildfire exposure as the strongest negative statistical predictor of reported land value (β = −0.468, p < 0.001). Retrospectively reported landholding data show an increase in the Gini coefficient from 0.41 before the reported fire period to 0.53 afterward. The addition of land-transaction variables increased the explained variance in agrarian inequality to 72%, which is consistent with a potential land-market pathway but does not constitute evidence of causal mediation. Coping strategies such as land sale, migration, and borrowing emerged as dominant reported responses among affected households. The study concludes that wildfire exposure is strongly associated with land devaluation, land sales, and greater agrarian inequality. Because the study is cross sectional and lacks an independently observed pre-fire baseline or causal identification strategy, these findings should not be interpreted as definitive causal effects.
Ključne besede: wildfires, land markets, agrarian inequality, distress land sales, rural livelihoods
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 7; Prenosov: 2
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Opis: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between compassion and burnout among employees in social care institutions. A quantitative non-experimental research design was employed. Data were collected between October and December 2025 in five nursing homes for older adults in the North Primorska region. 158 nursing employees were recruited using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that employees had a moderate level of burnout and high levels of compassion. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that higher overall compassion was significantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion (ρ = −0.271, p-value 0.001) and depersonalisation (ρ = −0.318, p-value 0.001), and with higher personal accomplishment (ρ = 0.644, p-value 0.001). However, multiple regression analysis showed that compassion was not a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion or depersonalisation, while it significantly predicted personal accomplishment. Work experience and gender emerged as significant predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. The study’s findings indicate that compassion supports employee well-being, particularly by enhancing personal accomplishment; however, burnout is also influenced by demographic and organisational factors. Therefore, preventing burnout requires both strengthening individual compassion and improving organisational conditions such as staffing, workload, and support.
Ključne besede: compassion, nurses, professional burnout, social care institutions
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 32; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: Phenotypic variation does not always correspond closely to genetic structure within species, particularly for morphological traits that are also influenced by environmental conditions. We examined whether leaf morphology in Daphne blagayana reflects previously identified phylogeographic structures and whether size- and shape-related traits differ in the hierarchical distribution of variation. Leaf morphometric analyses were performed on 3439 leaves collected from 596 shrubs in 21 populations covering the entire distribution range of the species. Ten leaf morphological traits were analysed using nested mixed-effects models, principal component analysis (PCA), MANOVA, Mantel tests and additional conservative mixed-effects models accounting for population-level structure. Leaf size-related traits showed stronger population-level differentiation and clearer geographic structuring, whereas shape-related traits exhibited higher within-shrub variation and weaker correspondence with phylogeographic structure. PCA and MANOVA revealed significant morphological differentiation among the three previously defined evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), although overlap among groups remained considerable. When population-level structure was taken into account, ESU effects were reduced but remained detectable for leaf length and selected shape-related traits. The northwestern ESU was characterized by larger and broader leaves, while differences between the central–southeastern and central ESUs were associated mainly with leaf shape traits. Mantel analysis revealed a weak but significant correlation between geographic and morphological distances among populations, indicating that geographic distance contributes to, but does not fully explain, morphological differentiation. The results show that leaf morphology in D. blagayana is associated with the previously identified phylogeographic structure of the species and that size- and shape-related traits differ markedly in their degree of geographic differentiation and hierarchical variation. However, because phylogeographic and geographic structure are spatially confounded in the present dataset, their individual effects on leaf morphology cannot be statistically separated. The study also highlights the importance of hierarchical sampling, appropriate statistical analyses, and cautious interpretation of genotype–phenotype correspondence in observational studies of intraspecific morphological variation.
Ključne besede: leaf morphology, leaf morphometrics, phylogeographic structure, population differentiation, evolutionarily significant units, intraspecific variation
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 26; Prenosov: 2
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Opis: Introduction: The built environment and the construction industry are responsible for a significant portion of global emissions. If climate goals are to be achieved, considerable changes must be made. It is important to strive for more sustainable practices across all sectors, including construction. Effective communication strategies play a crucial role in promoting sustainable construction; however, current communication efforts often lack targeted messages for key stakeholders. This study investigated how different message characteristics—tone (informational vs. emotional), topic (human health vs. cost effectiveness), and type (scientific vs. non-scientific)—in relation to sustainable construction concepts such as restorative environmental and ergonomic design (REED), influence professional stakeholder engagement. Methods: Lasswell’s model of communication from 1948 was used to identify the communicator, channel, and target audience. Communication messages and their effectiveness were tested using an online questionnaire with randomized controlled experiments. Eight communication messages were developed in order to test and compare all combinations of the three factors (tone, topic, and type). Responses were analysed using Bayesian ordinal regression. Results: Bayesian ordinal regression revealed that the effect of these factors varied based on the question asked. Of note, messages with a human health topic yielded greater agreement among respondents, indicating its importance in sustainable construction communication. Other effects differed across experimental conditions and response measures. Discussion: These findings provide suggestions for improving promotions of new concepts in sustainable construction and indicate that message framing plays an important role in shaping stakeholder responses in sustainable construction communication. In particular, health-related framing may be more effective in increasing engagement.
Ključne besede: communication, sustainable construction, REED
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 24; Prenosov: 2
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