1. Some results on ▫$\sigma_t$▫-irregularitySlobodan Filipovski, Darko Dimitrov, Martin Knor, Riste Škrekovski, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The (\sigma_t)-irregularity (or sigma total index) is a graph invariant defined as [ \sigma_t(G)=\sum_{{u,v}\subseteq V(G)}(d(u)-d(v))^2, ] where (d(z)) denotes the degree of a vertex (z). This irregularity measure was proposed by Réti in 2019 and recently rediscovered by Dimitrov and Stevanović in 2023. In this paper, we remark that (\sigma_t(G)=n^2\operatorname{Var}(G)), where (\operatorname{Var}(G)) is the degree variance of the graph. We show that among all complete bipartite graphs on (n) vertices, one of the corresponding complete bipartite graphs whose part sizes are closest to (n(2-\sqrt{2})/4) and (n(2+\sqrt{2})/4) has the maximum sigma total index. Moreover, various upper and lower bounds for (\sigma_t)-irregularity are provided. In this direction, we establish a relation between the graph energy (\mathcal{E}(G)) and (\sigma_t)-irregularity and derive bounds related to the Laplacian eigenvalues of the graph.
Ključne besede: irregularity, total irregularity, energy of graphs, Laplacian eigenvalues
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 6; Prenosov: 2
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2. Discounting one selected item or the whole cart? : A theoretical analysis of two mutually exclusive supermarket discount formatsŽiga Velkavrh, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The article addresses two real-world decision-making problems faced by customers who are offered two mutually exclusive supermarket discount formats: an unconditional per-selected-item discount and a conditional per-purchase discount applicable only when the total purchase amount reaches a specified spending threshold. The analysis provides a normative benchmark for comparing these formats from the customer's perspective and determines what a customer should do, once they have selected their cart, to minimise total payment. When the threshold is reached, the problem reduces to a monetary comparison between applying a higher discount to a most expensive item in the cart and applying a lower discount to the overall purchase. When the threshold is not reached, the problem becomes more complex, as the analysis requires determining whether applying a higher discount to a most expensive item in the original cart results in a lower or higher total payment than adding an additional item to reach the threshold and applying a lower discount to the new total purchase amount. To automate the required calculations and thereby facilitate discount comparisons, we provide a prototype decision aid in the form of R functions, which could serve as a basis for supermarket decision-support tools.
Ključne besede: customer behaviour, decision theory, normative benchmark, per-purchase discount, per-selected-item discount
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 9; Prenosov: 2
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3. The Tree of Sex consortium : a global initiative for studying the evolution of reproduction in eukaryotesDaniel Jeffries, Chiara Benvenuto, Astrid Böhne, Christelle Fraïsse, Sònia Garcia, Paul Jay, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Caitlin E. McDonough-Goldstein, Aurora Ruiz-Herrera, Cibele G. Sotero-Caio, Peter Glasnović, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life that affects all levels of biology, from genomes and development to population dynamics and diversification. The first Tree of Sex database synthesized a vast diversity of reproductive strategies and their intriguing distribution throughout eukaryotes. A decade on, we are reviving this initiative and greatly expanding its scope to provide the most comprehensive integration of knowl- edge on eukaryotic reproduction to date. In this perspective, we first identify important gaps in our current knowledge of reproductive strategies across eukaryotes. We then highlight a selection of questions that will benefit most from this new Tree of Sex project, including those related to the evolution of sex, modes of sex determination, sex chromosomes, and the consequences of various reproductive strategies. Finally, we out- line our vision for the new Tree of Sex database and the consortium that will create it (treeofsex.org). The new database will cover all Eukaryota and include a wide selection of biological traits. It will also incorporate genomic data types that were scarce or non-existent at the time of the first Tree of Sex initiative. The new database will be publicly accessible, stable, and self-sustaining, thus greatly improving the accessibility of reproductive knowledge to researchers across disciplines for years to come. Lastly, the consortium will persist after the database is created to serve as a collaborative framework for research, prioritizing ethical standards in the collection, use, and sharing of reproductive data. The new Tree of Sex consortium is open, and we encourage all who are interested in this topic to join us.
Ključne besede: biodiversity, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, sex chromosomes, sex determination, database, ontology
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 41; Prenosov: 3
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4. Leaf size and shape show contrasting relationships with evolutionary lineages in Daphne blagayana FreyerRobert Brus, Živa Fišer, Dalibor Ballian, Kristjan Jarni, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Phenotypic variation does not always correspond closely to genetic structure within species, particularly for morphological traits that are also influenced by environmental conditions. We examined whether leaf morphology in Daphne blagayana reflects previously identified phylogeographic structures and whether size- and shape-related traits differ in the hierarchical distribution of variation. Leaf morphometric analyses were performed on 3439 leaves collected from 596 shrubs in 21 populations covering the entire distribution range of the species. Ten leaf morphological traits were analysed using nested mixed-effects models, principal component analysis (PCA), MANOVA, Mantel tests and additional conservative mixed-effects models accounting for population-level structure. Leaf size-related traits showed stronger population-level differentiation and clearer geographic structuring, whereas shape-related traits exhibited higher within-shrub variation and weaker correspondence with phylogeographic structure. PCA and MANOVA revealed significant morphological differentiation among the three previously defined evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), although overlap among groups remained considerable. When population-level structure was taken into account, ESU effects were reduced but remained detectable for leaf length and selected shape-related traits. The northwestern ESU was characterized by larger and broader leaves, while differences between the central–southeastern and central ESUs were associated mainly with leaf shape traits. Mantel analysis revealed a weak but significant correlation between geographic and morphological distances among populations, indicating that geographic distance contributes to, but does not fully explain, morphological differentiation. The results show that leaf morphology in D. blagayana is associated with the previously identified phylogeographic structure of the species and that size- and shape-related traits differ markedly in their degree of geographic differentiation and hierarchical variation. However, because phylogeographic and geographic structure are spatially confounded in the present dataset, their individual effects on leaf morphology cannot be statistically separated. The study also highlights the importance of hierarchical sampling, appropriate statistical analyses, and cautious interpretation of genotype–phenotype correspondence in observational studies of intraspecific morphological variation.
Ključne besede: leaf morphology, leaf morphometrics, phylogeographic structure, population differentiation, evolutionarily significant units, intraspecific variation
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 26; Prenosov: 2
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5. Personal constructions of effective (health) coaching relationshipsMelanie Oeben, Daša Grajfoner, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Understanding what makes coaching relationships effective remains underexplored in coaching psychology. This study applies Personal Construct Psychology and the Repertory Grid Technique to examine how coaches and clients construe effective (health) coaching relationships. Forty-two participants generated 424 constructs analysed through principal component and content analyses, yielding 27 thematic categories. Relational constructs - especially relationship depth, trust, openness, and self-determination—proved central. Findings show effectiveness is individually and contextually constructed. The study demonstrates the method's applicability as an idiographic, constructivist approach and offers foundations for theory development and practical insights for cultivating trust-based coaching relationships aligned with clients’ constructions of effectiveness.
Ključne besede: personal construct psychology, coaching psychology, health coaching, coaching relationship, repertory grid technique
Objavljeno v RUP: 12.08.2026; Ogledov: 45; Prenosov: 2
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7. Stronger together : learning from our forestsNada Hamdani, Katarina Šoln, Midori Yajima, 2026, slovar, enciklopedija, leksikon, priročnik, atlas, zemljevid Objavljeno v RUP: 09.08.2026; Ogledov: 114; Prenosov: 3
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8. Data from the Researcher Mental Health Observatory STAIRCASE SurveyJana Lasser, Stefan T. Mol, Alja Čontala, Ana Slavec, Andreja Zulim de Swarte, Anna Khachatryan, Anna Maria Eleuteri, Anupoma Haque, Baiba Jansone, Blerina Vrenozi, Mateja Erce Paoli, 2026, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: The data presented here derives from the Sustainable Working Conditions in Academia survey (STAIRCASE) on researcher mental health. The survey addresses the ongoing mental health crisis in academia by providing comprehensive, multilevel data on researcher well-being and its structural determinants. We employed a cross- sectional between-participant study design to collect data from 4,296 researchers between September 15, 2023, and August 26, 2024. The sample, which primarily includes researchers based in European countries, has a mean age of 38.1 years (SD = 10.7) and consists of 63.7% female participants. Participants provided data on key mental health outcomes – including depression, anxiety, stress, burnout, and well- being – alongside detailed assessments of working conditions, leadership behavior, and organizational characteristics. The dataset facilitates a holistic, multilevel investigation of academic mental health beyond individual risk factors by including the individual, leadership, institutional, and national context. By enabling analyses across hierarchical levels this dataset provides the necessary evidence to identify systemic drivers of mental (ill) health and inform the development of effective, system-wide strategies for meaningful change in academic work environments.
Ključne besede: mental health, academia, researchers, working conditions, occupational health
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.07.2026; Ogledov: 268; Prenosov: 13
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9. How Citizen Science Supports Statistical Reasoning: Literature ReviewAna Slavec, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: Citizen science has expanded to a widely used research approach, indicating that volunteers can contribute to scientific activities when supported by appropriate tools, infrastructures, and project designs. As participatory data practices grow, so does interest in how citizens understand and work with data, particularly in relation to statistical literacy. However, little is known about how involvement in citizen-science activities shapes volunteers’ understanding of key statistical ideas. This narrative literature review examines studies that link citizen-science participation with the development of statistical or data-literacy skills. A structured search of the Scopus database identified fifteen relevant peer-reviewed articles across diverse disciplines. Each study was analysed for its learning context, the nature of the citizen-science activity, the data tasks involved, and how statistical literacy was conceptualized. Thematic synthesis revealed recurring patterns: citizen-science settings frequently supported gains in data literacy, inferential reasoning, and understanding of uncertainty, while also fostering civic engagement and motivation. Digital tools and community co-creation played central roles in enabling learning, though challenges remained around misconceptions, accessibility, and inclusivity. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of citizen science as a rich context for developing statistical reasoning, while underlining the need for stronger theoretical frameworks and systematic empirical research.
Ključne besede: citizen science, statistical literacy, statistical reasoning
Objavljeno v RUP: 23.07.2026; Ogledov: 266; Prenosov: 10
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10. The prefigurative politics of enactable sustainability transformations in the presentSiddharth Sareen, Sirkku Juhola, Adrianna Czarnecka, Aleksandra Kekkonen, Aleksandra Martinovska Stojcheska, Ana Slavec, Anita Uchanska-Bieniusiewicz, Chris Rønningstad, Claudiu Martin, Gintarė Tamašauskaitė-Janickė, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The concept of “prefigurative politics” invites geographers to envision transformative change through a shift in practices stemming from a micro level. This article examines and substantiates how this idea is mobilised in relation to current sustainability transformations. A large interdisciplinary group of geographers and transition scholars present topic clusters of prefigurative enablers that instigate and catalyse the enactment of transformative policymaking towards sustainable futures. Drawing on dozens of rich and diverse examples to illustrate cases of transformation, we provide a conceptual perspective to advance the theoretical discussion about triggers and processes of transformative change amongst geographers. We argue for three principles for examining the prefigurative politics of present transformation: (a) multi-scalarity, to consider prefigurative politics across personal-systemic spheres; (b) boundary transgression, to span interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary as well as inward- and outward-looking prefigurative politics; and (c) temporalities, to address institutionalisation and change processes that play out along short and long timelines. Approaching present transformations through a prefigurative politics lens helps identify scope for action that aligns with transformative change. We argue for wider deployment of these principles, to synthesise scholarship, channel micro-level prefigurative political efforts into systemic transformative change, and guide future research and policymaking towards sustainability transformations.
Ključne besede: prefigurative politics, transformation, sustainability
Objavljeno v RUP: 22.07.2026; Ogledov: 232; Prenosov: 8
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