91. To be, or not to be, a non-native species in non-English languages : gauging terminological consensus amongst invasion biologistsLorenzo Vilizzi, Marina Piria, Dariusz Pietraszewski, Baran Yoğurtçuoğlu, David Almeida, Zainab Al-Wazzan, Usman Atique, Angela Boggero, Luka Duniš, Philippe Goulletquer, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: In invasion biology, terminological frameworks contribute to the improvement of effective communication among scientists, stakeholders, and policy-makers. This is important not only for informing policy decisions but also for engaging the broader public in understanding the risks associated with biological invasions. Meanwhile, the role of non-English languages in advancing knowledge in invasion biology has gained momentum in recent years. Building on the seminal contributions in this scientific discipline by Professor Gordon H. Copp, this paper examines the provision of three key terms defining species invasiveness in 28 non-English languages. We first define the three non-redundant terms “non-native species”, “established species”, and “invasive species”. Through a comparative analysis of the equivalent of these terms in the 28 non-English languages, as contributed by our panel of invasion biologists and native speakers, with those in a reference review paper, and following the diffusion-of-English versus ecology-of-language paradigms, we identify discrepancies and nuances reflecting the dynamic nature of terminology in invasion biology. While some languages showed consensus in terminology, others differed due to either the avoidance of a culturally or politically laden term for “non-native” or the achievement of greater precision in meaning. Our findings highlight the requirement for clear and precise terminology in invasion biology and suggest the adoption of multidisciplinary approaches to reach consensus and facilitate communication amongst scientists, policy-makers, and the general public in a globally interconnected and rapidly changing world. This will enhance international collaboration and accelerate knowledge exchange, leading to more effective management of biological invasions.
Ključne besede: established species, invasive species, diffusion-of-English, ecology-of-language
Objavljeno v RUP: 11.06.2025; Ogledov: 707; Prenosov: 14
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92. Genetic diversity of cultivated figs (Ficus carica L.) from the Eastern Adriatic Coast screened by SSR markersMira Radunić, Alenka Baruca Arbeiter, Mate Čarija, Katarina Hančević, Danijela Poljuha, Miroslav Čizmović, Frane Strikić, Dunja Bandelj, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Fig tree is fruit species, widely distributed throughout the Adriatic region, and is valued as a key component of the Mediterranean diet. Despite its importance for the region’s fruit-growing industry, the genetic makeup of Adriatic fig cultivars has not yet been thoroughly investigated. A comprehensive molecular characterization of 213 fig accessions from the Eastern Adriatic Coast was conducted to assess genotype-specific molecular profiles and genetic diversity using seven Simple Sequence Repeat markers. Aim of this research was to catalogue the cultivars and clarify cases of synonymy and homonymy. The research included three genebank collections: the Institute of Adriatic Crops in Split (Croatia), the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč (Croatia), and the Centre for Subtropical Cultures Bar, Biotechnical Faculty University of Montenegro, alongside additional accessions collected from family farms and nursery in Croatia and Slovenia. The analysis revealed 122 alleles, indicating substantial genetic diversity. A total of 80 unique genotypes were identified, along with 51 cases of synonymy or homonymy and 24 accessions with unknown nomenclature. The phylogenetic tree highlighted the heterogeneous nature of the fig population along the East Adriatic Coast. Notably, each of the three major clusters contained accessions from all three countries, underscoring the high genetic diversity across the region. These defined molecular profiles provide a foundation for the effective conservation of fig cultivars, the establishment of high-quality mother blocks, nursery production, and future breeding programs.
Ključne besede: plant genetic resources, fig germplasm, genetic profiles, SSR markers, synonyms and homonyms
Objavljeno v RUP: 11.06.2025; Ogledov: 849; Prenosov: 33
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93. The influence of bacterial inoculants and a biofertilizer on maize cultivation and the associated shift in bacteriobiota during the growing seasonKatarina Kruščić, Aleksandra Jelušić, Matjaž Hladnik, Tamara Janakiev, Jovana Anđelković, Dunja Bandelj, Ivica Dimkić, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Maize (Zea mays L.) relies heavily on nitrogen and phosphorus inputs, typically supplied through organic and inorganic fertilizers. However, excessive agrochemical use threatens soil fertility and environmental health. Sustainable alternatives, such as poultry manure (PM) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), offer promising solutions. This study examines the effects of a phytobiotic bacterial formulation (PHY), composed of Bacillus subtilis and Microbacterium sp., applied alone and in combination with PM, on maize’s rhizosphere bacteriobiome across key growth stages. Field trials included four treatments: a control, PHY-coated seeds, PM, and combined PHY_PM. The results show that early in development, the PM-treated rhizospheres increased the abundance of beneficial genera such as Sphingomonas, Microvirga, and Streptomyces, though levels declined in later stages. The PHY_PM-treated roots in the seedling phase showed a reduced abundance of taxa like Chryseobacterium, Pedobacter, Phyllobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas, but this effect did not persist. In the PM-treated roots, Flavisolibacter was significantly enriched at harvesting. Overall, beneficial bacteria improved microbial evenness, and the PHY_PM treatment promoted bacterial diversity and maize growth. A genome analysis of the PHY strains revealed plant-beneficial traits, including nutrient mobilization, stress resilience, and biocontrol potential. This study highlights the complementarity of PM and PGPR, showing how their integration reshapes bacteriobiome and correlates with plant parameters in sustainable agriculture.
Ključne besede: maize, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), poultry manure, microbiome, biocontrol, sustainable agriculture
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.06.2025; Ogledov: 826; Prenosov: 33
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94. A note on girth-diameter cagesGabriela Araujo-Pardo, Marston D. E. Conder, Natalia García-Colín, György Kiss, Dimitri Leemans, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In this paper we introduce a problem closely related to the Cage Problem and the Degree Diameter Problem. For integers k ≥ 2, g ≥ 3 and d ≥ 1, we define a (k; g, d)-graph to be a k-regular graph with girth g and diameter d. We denote by n₀(k; g, d) the smallest possible order of such a graph, and, if such a graph exists, we call it a (k; g, d)-cage. In particular, we focus on (k; 5, 4)-graphs. We show that n₀(k; 5, 4) ≥ k² + k + 2 for all k, and report on the determination of all (k; 5, 4)-cages for k = 3, 4 and 5 and of examples with k = 6, and describe some examples of (k; 5, 4)-graphs which prove that n₀(k; 5, 4) ≤ 2k² for infinitely many k.
Ključne besede: cages, girth, degree-diameter problem
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.06.2025; Ogledov: 716; Prenosov: 15
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95. Ranking footballers with multilevel modelingGregor Grbec, Nino Bašić, Marko Tkalčič, 2024, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Opis: Despite football’s collaborative nature, the inquiry into the identity of the best player is a frequent topic in the footballing realm. This discussion disproportionately highlights attacking players, creating an apparent bias, as every team role holds significance. Our study aimed to delineate player performance from team performance and ensure the inclusion of players from all positions in the ultimate ranking of the best players. We sourced data from FBref, encompassing every player in every match played by a top 20 European team in the current century’s top 5 European leagues. Employing a multilevel linear mixed-effects model, we utilized team points as the response variable, accounting for both player and opponent team strength. The extraction of level-2 player residuals, averaged by player, facilitated the creation of a comprehensive ranking for the best players of this century. Surprisingly, two players widely regarded as among the best of all time, Messi and Ronaldo, secured relatively low positions on our list (Ronaldo at 12th, and Messi at 14th).
Ključne besede: multilevel modeling, footballer ranking, sports modeling
Objavljeno v RUP: 05.06.2025; Ogledov: 775; Prenosov: 19
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96. Estimation of task-related dynamic brain connectivity via data inflation and classification model explainabilityPeter Rogelj, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Study of brain function often involves analyzing task-related switching between intrinsic brain networks, which connect various brain regions. Functional brain connectivity analysis methods aim to estimate these networks but are limited by the statistical constraints of windowing functions, which reduce temporal resolution and hinder explainability of highly dynamic processes. In this work, we propose a novel approach to functional connectivity analysis through the explainability of EEG classification. Unlike conventional methods that condense raw data into extracted features, our approach inflates raw EEG data by decomposition into meaningful components that explain processes in the application domain. To uncover the brain connectivity that affects classification decisions, we introduce a new method of dynamic influence data inflation (DIDI), which extracts signals representing interactions between electrode regions. These inflated data are then classified using an end-to-end neural network classifier architecture designed for raw EEG signals. Saliency map estimation from trained classifiers reveals the connectivity dynamics affecting classification decisions, which can be visualized as dynamic connectivity support maps for improved interpretability. The methodology is demonstrated on two publicly available datasets: one for imagined motor movement classification and the other for emotion classification. The results highlight the dual benefits of our approach: in addition to providing interpretable insights into connectivity dynamics it increases classification accuracy.
Ključne besede: EEG, functional connectivity, data inflation, classification, explainability, saliency maps
Objavljeno v RUP: 04.06.2025; Ogledov: 1870; Prenosov: 17
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98. Dataset of Uzbek verbs with formation and suffixesMaksud Sharipov, Jernej Vičič, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: The main goal of this work is to create a dataset of Uzbek language verbs. This dataset stores information about which words verbs are derived from and with which affixes. The affixes are classified into distinct categories. With the help of this dataset, it is possible to determine from which parts of speech each Uzbek verb is derived and with which affixes. It also plays a key role in identifying verbs in Uzbek language texts and developing rule-based models for their analysis. Additionally, this dataset plays a key role in building various artificial intelligence models for the morphological and syntactic analysis of Uzbek language texts. Verbs play a crucial role in learning any language; therefore, students in schools and higher education institutions can also use this dataset during the learning process. The obtained dataset serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in Uzbek language processing tasks.
Ključne besede: verb phrase, Uzbek language, Uzbek web corpus, verb form, verb affixes
Objavljeno v RUP: 02.06.2025; Ogledov: 781; Prenosov: 13
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99. Occupancy estimation using indoor air quality data : opportunities and privacy implicationsDomen Vake, Niki Hrovatin, Jernej Vičič, Aleksandar Tošić, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has long been a significant concern due to its health-related risks and potential benefits. Readily available air quality sensors are now affordable and have been installed in many buildings with public buildings taking center stage. The dynamics of IAQ are commonly studied in relation to different materials used in construction, building design, room utility and effects on occupants. However, besides what the sensors were designed to measure, it is possible to infer other information. In this paper, we present a Machine Learning (ML) model that predicts the presence of people in the room with an accuracy as high as 93 % and the exact number of occupants with 2.17 MAE. We validate our proposed approach in the use-case of an elementary school in Slovenia. In collaboration with the elementary school in Ajdovščina, 8 air quality sensors were placed in classrooms and air quality parameters (VOC, CO, Temperature, and Humidity) were monitored for 6 months. During the monitoring period, school staff collected anonymous data about classroom occupancy. The indoor air quality data was paired with external weather data as well as occupancy to train the model. Moreover, we compare our approach with other commonly used ML approaches and provide results related to our use case. Finally, these results highlight the privacy concerns related to structural monitoring due to the established ability to infer potentially sensitive information.
Ključne besede: indoor air quality, occupancy estimation, machine learning, sensor networks, privacy, building monitoring
Objavljeno v RUP: 02.06.2025; Ogledov: 1049; Prenosov: 7
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100. On ▫$L^2$▫ approximation by planar Pythagorean-hodograph curvesRida T. Farouki, Marjetka Knez, Vito Vitrih, Emil Žagar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The ▫$L^2$▫ approximation of planar curves by Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) polynomial curves is addressed, based on the distance defined by a metric for planar curves represented as complex valued functions of a real parameter. Because of the nonlinear nature of polynomial PH curves, constructing ▫$L^2$▫ approximants involves solving a nonlinear optimization problem. However, a simplified method that requires only the solution of a linear system may be developed by formulating the ▫$L^2$▫ approximation in the preimage space. The extension of the methodology to approximation by PH B-spline curves is also addressed, and several examples are provided to illustrate its implementation and potential.
Ključne besede: ▫$L^2$▫ approximation, complex polynomial, Pythagorean-hodograph curve, Pythagorean-hodograph spline, preimage
Objavljeno v RUP: 30.05.2025; Ogledov: 2262; Prenosov: 14
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