1. First insight into genetic diversity of two sympatric marten species between the Alps and Adriatic islandsElena Bužan, Luka Duniš, Tilen Komel, Boštjan Pokorny, Carlos Rodríguez Fernandes, Zoran Marčić, Magda Sindičić, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Closely related species occupying the same geographical area may exhibit markedly different genetic patterns due to differences in evolutionary history, ecology and behaviour. In this study, a population genetics approach is applied to investigate the genetic structure, diversity, and connectivity of two sympatric carnivore species, i.e., the European pine marten (Martes martes) and the stone marten (Martes foina) in Croatia and Slovenia. We analysed mitochondrial DNA sequences for both species (28 pine marten and 104 stone marten samples, respectively) and additionally investigated nuclear microsatellite markers for 182 stone martens. For stone marten, we found a significant genetic structuring, with pronounced differentiation between island and mainland populations, and a further substructure within the mainland. But no significant isolation by distance was detected (Mantel test, p = 0.15), indicating that differentiation is primarily shaped by island–mainland separation and other geographical discontinuities rather than by distance alone. In contrast, pine marten exhib- ited moderate haplotype diversity and limited spatial resolution due to the smaller sample size. These contrasting patterns underscore species-specific responses to natural geographical barriers and highlight the need to tailor management strategies accordingly.
Ključne besede: population genetics, martens, haplotype, microsatellites
Objavljeno v RUP: 20.05.2026; Ogledov: 21; Prenosov: 2
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2. Dataset of Uzbek base words : extraction and data analysis based on the school corpusKhabibulla Madatov, Surayyo Khajibaeva, Jernej Vičič, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The article presents a dataset of Uzbek base words extracted from a purposefully prepared corpus using the Synonym Thesaurus Support method. This method identifies base words for each school-grade by analysing a large text corpus comprising 142 textbooks intended for school education in Uzbekistan. The definition of the base word used in this article and in the proposed dataset is a word within a synonymic series that: - is the most widely used. - is distinguished by semantic clarity and stability. - has stylistic neutrality. Based on the proposed approach, school textbooks were analysed by dividing them into Primary (school grades 1 - 4), Basic Secondary (school grades 5 - 9), and Secondary (school grades 10 - 11) blocks. Base words that stand out from the general corpus were identified for each school-grade. This method extracted new base words not found in previous school grades and specific to the observed grade. The main idea of the method is to extract base words from the lemma sset of each school-grade using a corpus of synonyms. This allows analysing the level of lexical complexity and class-specific vocabulary richness of texts intended for schoolchildren. The final results are lists of base words specifically extracted from primary (school-grades 1 - 4), basic secondary (school-grades 5 - 9), and secondary (school-grades 10 - 11) school texts; 17,599,48,203, and 20,491 base words, respectively.
Ključne besede: school corpus, base word, basic vocabulary, Uzbek language
Objavljeno v RUP: 20.05.2026; Ogledov: 27; Prenosov: 4
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3. Current state and future research directions of radar-based human-computer interactionKlen Čopič Pucihar, Dariush Salami, Nuwan Attygalle, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: This chapter provides an overview of the current state of radar-based Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and outlines future research directions. While earlier chapters in this book have explored specialised domains, such as through-material sensing, ambient intelligence, surface context awareness, hand air-writing, and on-object gesture detection, this chapter expands this perspective by examining fifty carefully selected publications that address a broad range of design and technical considerations in radar-based HCI. We review key design choices, including gesture set definitions, sensor placements, radar types, frequency ranges, signal representations, and classification algorithms. Building on this foundation, the chapter then presents a forward-looking discussion of research opportunities. Particular emphasis is placed on the need for miniaturised, energy-efficient, and adaptive radar systems capable of functioning reliably in diverse, real-world settings. Additionally, the chapter stresses the importance of developing open, standardised datasets to support reproducibility, improve generalizability, and promote inclusive design.
Ključne besede: radar-based human-computer interaction, future directions, current state
Objavljeno v RUP: 19.05.2026; Ogledov: 60; Prenosov: 2
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4. Radar-based gesture recognition on deformable objectsKlen Čopič Pucihar, Matjaž Kljun, Nuwan Attygalle, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: This chapter investigates the feasibility and challenges of using millimetre-wave radar for gesture recognition on deformable objects, such as plush toys or other objects made of flexible materials, which are typically not instrumented with sensors. Unlike vision-based systems, which are limited by occlusion and require clear line of sight, radar sensing can detect gestures through non-conductive materials. The authors compare prior work on gesture recognition performance across mid-air, on-object and on-deformable-object contexts using different radar signal representations and deep learning models. In addition, the authors conduct an experiment demonstrating that object deformations do not negatively impact recognition accuracy. These findings open new possibilities for contactless interaction with soft materials in everyday environments without requiring embedded instrumentation.
Ključne besede: radar, gesture recognition, deformable objects
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 107; Prenosov: 2
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5. Radar-based human-computer interaction when sensing through materialsNuwan Attygalle, Matjaž Kljun, Arthur Sluÿters, Klen Čopič Pucihar, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: We increasingly interact with computing devices that are either worn on the body (e.g. smartphones, smartwatches) or are embedded within our surroundings (e.g. smart homes, smart offices). These interactions occur through a variety of input methods, including physical buttons and knobs, mid-air gestures, touch and voice commands. With the exception of voice, these modalities require direct or near-direct physical contact with the device, typically involving line-of-sight or proximity for touch or grasp. However, interaction becomes constrained or entirely infeasible (i) when the interaction device is covered (e.g. when a smartphone is inside a pocket or a smartwatch is covered by a jacket sleeve), (ii) in sterile environments requiring separation between the user and device (e.g. when wearing personal protective equipment) or (iii) when interfaces are deliberately concealed for aesthetic, safety or functional reasons. Enabling interaction in such contexts is important to leverage the computational capabilities embedded in our environments. Yet, current technologies remain limited when interaction through occluding materials is needed. In this chapter, we examine existing research on the use of radar-based systems for interaction through materials, focusing on how materials affect system performance, principles for designing such interfaces and strategies to advance these systems.
Ključne besede: radar, human-computer interaction, sensing through materials
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 88; Prenosov: 2
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6. Comparative testing of radar signal representations when sensing through materialsNuwan Attygalle, Matjaž Kljun, Una Vuletić, Klen Čopič Pucihar, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: The ability to sense mid-air gestures with miniaturised radars embedded in everyday objects opens up new opportunities for interaction. Applications include integration into wearable devices, automotive dashboards, smart furniture, and other components within smart environments. Despite this potential, the lack of studies on how various occluding materials affect gesture recognition performance hinders progress in this area. Previous studies have primarily focused on evaluating only one type of radar signal representation, despite the fact that several other representations exist and were proved effective. To address this, the chapter presents a comparative evaluation of four radar signal representations: In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) representations in the frequency domain and magnitude and range-angle (including both elevation and azimuth components) and range-Doppler. The goal is to assess their robustness against signal distortions introduced by occluding materials. Preliminary results indicate that recognition performance tends to improve with a higher transmission coefficient. Moreover, range-Doppler and range-angle representations exhibit significantly greater robustness to distortion compared to IQ representations
Ključne besede: comparative testing, radar signal representations, sensing through materials
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 88; Prenosov: 2
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7. Digital signal processing tools for radar-based human-computer interactionNuwan Attygalle, Matjaž Kljun, Klen Čopič Pucihar, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: In recent years, miniature radar-on-chip sensors have been explored for HCI by both academia and industry. This is driven by the availability of affordable radar hardware and advances in signal processing and machine learning. However, comparative evaluation of radar-based gesture interaction systems is challanging and rear. One important dimension for comparison is the set of radar signal representa- tions derived from raw voltage data. These representations commonly include range- Doppler, range-azimuth-angle, range-elevation-angle, point cloud and In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) radar cube formats. However, existing studies often restrict com- parative analysis to a single signal representation type, typically focusing on gesture recognition algorithms or minor variations within Digital Signal Processing (DSP) pipelines. To promote comparative evaluation of radar signal representations, this chapter develops an open-source application designed to facilitate efficient and reli- able dataset preparation of various radar signal representations. The application sup- ports visualisation of generated signal representations and includes a command-line interface for batch processing, thereby streamlining the dataset preparation workflow.
Ključne besede: digital signal processing, radar, human-computer interaction
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 75; Prenosov: 2
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8. Can immersion protect us from distraction? : The impact of real-world distractions on learning in augmented realityKlen Čopič Pucihar, Karolina Trajkovska, Anuradhi Maheshya W. Weerasinghe Arachchillage, Ali Waqas, Douglas A. Parry, Daniel B. Le Roux, Matjaž Kljun, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: While many digital distractions can be managed, real-world interruptions, such as phone calls, notifications, and office noise, are harder to control and can harm productivity, well-being, and learning. Mixed reality systems like Augmented Reality (AR) are often described as immersive—a property which might protect users from such disruptions. We tested this assumption by comparing a head-mounted AR interface that overlays digital annotations on physical objects with a traditional flat screen during vocabulary learning under common office distractions. In a user study (n = 32), AR users reported feeling less distracted and recalled less task-irrelevant information, but their learning performance did not improve. Instead, distraction-related performance decline was greater in AR. Physiological and self-report measures showed no reduction in effort or workload, and participants with higher auditory distractibility did not benefit. Overall, AR annotation alone may not sufficiently shield learners from real-world distractions, motivating new design approaches.
Ključne besede: distractions, auditory distractibility, augmented reality, immersion and presence, learning
Objavljeno v RUP: 15.05.2026; Ogledov: 115; Prenosov: 7
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9. Species–park networks reflect the spatial structure of urban green infrastructureEdy Fantinato, Elisabetta Zendri, Rosario Rummo, Federico Fiorin, Peter Glasnović, Giovanna Aronne, Andrea Della Bella, Marino Simone Preo, Gabriella Buffa, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: As cities expand, natural and semi-natural habitats are increasingly restricted in extent and connectivity, posing major challenges for biodiversity conservation. Urban parks, as nodes of green infrastructure, improve ecological connectivity in the urban landscape, yet their functional role in supporting urban plant communities remains challenging to quantify. This study aimed to investigate whether differences in the functional role of urban parks are reflected by their spatial location within the green infrastructure. We applied a bipartite species-park network approach to assess the role of urban parks in supporting plant species in three historic cities in north-eastern Italy. In 2024, we surveyed 57 parks, recorded vascular plant species in nested plots and measured park attributes including area, distance to the city centre, distance to other parks and tree canopy cover. Species–park networks were used to quantify the functional role of each park through park specialisation, importance, compositional representativeness, and colonisation potential. Statistical models showed that parks further from the city centre supported richer plant communities and hosted species more dependent on individual parks, while parks at intermediate distances from the centre acted as compositional links between parks closer and further from the city centre. Parks with greater tree canopy cover tended to host species that achieved comparatively higher local cover but showed reduced compositional representativeness to other parks. Our results revealed that the functional role of parks in supporting plant communities was strongly associated with their spatial location within the green infrastructure, providing insights for urban biodiversity conservation and landscape planning.
Ključne besede: bipartite network, green infrastructure, habitat connectivity, urban biodiversity, urban park
Objavljeno v RUP: 11.05.2026; Ogledov: 247; Prenosov: 7
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10. Conspiracy beliefs in post-communist Europe : the role of religiosity, political ideology, and media trust among unvaccinated individualsKatarzyna Bałandynowicz-Panfil, Malgorzata Łosiewicz, Ana Slavec, Janez Štebe, Șerban Olah, Győző Pék, Adrienn Kaszás-Nagy, Mojca Šoštarič, Magdalena Iwanowska, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This study explores the sociocultural and psycho ‑ logical determinants of conspiracy theory beliefs (CTBs) among unvaccinated individuals in three post-communist countries: Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. The goal is to understand how religiosity, political orientation, media trust, and fear of COVID-19 shape conspiratorial thinking in societies with legacies of institutional distrust and ideological polarization. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The central research problem concerns the contextual drivers of CTBs in post-communist Eu ‑ rope, where transitional experiences challenge universal explanatory models. The study draws on data from an online survey of 1,641 unvaccinated individuals collected in 2021. Key constructs-including conspiracy beliefs, trust in institutions and media, religiosity, and political orientation-were measured using validated scales and analyzed through multiple regression models. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argument integrates histori ‑ cal and structural factors with individual-level predictors of CTBs. It distinguishes between private religiosity and religious practice, analyzes media trust in frag ‑ mented information environments, and contextualizes political ideology within the region’s post-authoritarian trajectories. The analysis emphasizes how fear, belief, and epistemic orientation intersect in shaping vaccine-related conspiracies. RESEARCH RESULTS: Findings indicate that higher private religiosity, left-wing political orientation, low fear of COVID-19, and reliance on digital or informal information sources are positively associated with CTBs. In contrast, trust in traditional media, trust in medical professionals, and participation in organized religious practices predict lower endorsement of conspiracies. Slovenia and Poland show the highest CTB levels. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: CTBs in post-communist societies reflect both historical legacies and current epistemic vulnerabilities. Addressing them requires context-sensitive strategies that rebuild institutional trust, support civic engagement, and recognize the social functions of structured belief systems. The study contributes to a better understanding of misinformation dynamics in transitional democracies.
Ključne besede: conspiracy theories, religiosity, political ideology, media trust, post-communist Europe
Objavljeno v RUP: 05.05.2026; Ogledov: 163; Prenosov: 7
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