1. Enhanced paper grip test for foot strength assessment in healthy young adults : test–retest reliability and comparison with handgripNenad Nedović, Stevan Jovanović, Danilo Vujičić, Vladimir Gapić, Žiga Kozinc, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: strength, power, thumb, measurements
Objavljeno v RUP: 11.01.2026; Ogledov: 62; Prenosov: 0
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2. Targeting pediatric obesity through gender-specific nutritional strategies : insights from dietary intake and food sourcesTadeja Jakus, Breda Prunk Franetič, Tamara Poklar Vatovec, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background/Objectives: Childhood obesity remains a major global health challenge influenced by poor dietary patterns and excessive energy intake. Understanding gender-specific nutritional deviations may improve the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to evaluate differences in energy and nutrient intake between boys and girls with overweight or obesity status and to identify the main food sources contributing to these differences. Methods: Data from a total of 180 participants (83 boys, 97 girls; 7–18 years) attending the national obesity intervention program Camp My Challenge was analyzed. Anthropometric parameters and dietary intake were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (OPKP). Intakes were compared with Slovenian dietary reference values (DRVs). Group differences were tested using ANOVA, t-tests, and Pearson correlations (p < 0.05). Results: Boys exhibited higher body mass (79.9 ± 22.6 kg vs. 69.2 ± 19.1 kg; p = 0.001) and BMI (30.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2 vs. 28.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2; p = 0.001). Mean energy intake was 2543 ± 1138 kcal/day, exceeding DRV by 16% (t = 3.31, p < 0.001). Girls exceeded energy requirements by 24.5% vs. 5.4% in boys (p = 0.019). Boys consumed significantly more total fat (106 ± 61 g vs. 85 ± 47 g; p = 0.014), saturated fatty acids (34 ± 20 g vs. 27 ± 13 g; p = 0.011), protein (119 ± 63 g vs. 98 ± 41 g; p = 0.008), and sodium (3628 ± 2086 mg vs. 2852 ± 1520 mg; p = 0.005). Girls showed higher sugar intake (208% vs. 166% of DRV; p = 0.032), mainly from sweet foods (24%) and fruit (26%), whereas beverages—predominantly isotonic drinks—accounted for 27% of boys’ sugar intake. Sugar intake correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.305, p = 0.002) and fat mass (r = 0.272, p = 0.007) in girls. Sodium intake exceeded DRV sixfold in both sexes. Conclusions: Marked sex-specific dietary disparities exist among children with obesity. Interventions should target high sugar and energy intake in girls and excessive fat, sodium, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in boys to enhance the efficacy of pediatric obesity management.
Ključne besede: childhood obesity, nutrition, dietary, sex-specific
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.01.2026; Ogledov: 74; Prenosov: 0
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3. Evaluating motor deficits in multiple sclerosis using jump and hop tests : a review of current evidenceEva Žura, Adis Burzić, Erik Paulin, Žiga Kozinc, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that often leads to subtle motor impairments even in early stages. Traditional clinical assessments may fail to detect these early deficits. Jump and hop tasks, requiring complex neuromuscular coordination, have emerged as promising functional assessments in neurological populations. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the use of jump- and hop-based assessments to evaluate motor performance in people with MS (pwMS). A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was conducted in April 2025. Studies were included if they involved pwMS, used jump or hop tasks, and reported performance, kinetic, or kinematic outcomes. Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Countermovement jumps (CMJ) were most frequently used and consistently detected motor deficits in pwMS, including reduced flight time, jump height, and power output. Single-leg CMJ tests identified asymmetries correlated with disability scores. Bipedal hops revealed impaired coordination and anticipatory control. One study assessed motor fatigability through repetitive jumping, while another evaluated the patient experience of sensor-based jump testing. Jump and hop assessments provide potentially sensitive, non-invasive tools for detecting early motor impairments in MS. They offer potential for improving clinical monitoring and guiding individualized rehabilitation strategies.
Ključne besede: multiple sclerosis, balance, jumps
Objavljeno v RUP: 07.01.2026; Ogledov: 92; Prenosov: 1
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4. The impact of hormonal contraceptives on skeletal muscle hypertrophyNevena Markov, Matevž Arčon, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Female reproductive hormones such as progesterone and estrogen play an important role in the body as they orchestrate functions of numerous cells including skeletal muscle cells. Onset of menses marks the beginning of reproductive life, whereas menopause marks its cessation. We distinguish three phases of the 28-day menstrual cycle namely follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. The follicular phase is characterised by marked increases in estrogen, which triggers ovulation. During this phase, estrogen peaks, whereas progesterone levels are low. Following ovulation, the luteal phase commences marked by high progesterone levels and reduced estrogen. Indeed, these periodic fluctuations in reproductive hormones may affect rates of muscle protein synthesis and hence hinder sought adaptations such as skeletal muscle hypertrophy in female athletes. With the introduction of hormonal contraceptives, female athletes were able to have ameliorate the negative effects of the menstrual cycle by reducing menstrual cramping and bleeding. Hormonal contraceptives are constituted of a single or multiple synthetic hormones namely estrogen and progestin. Nevertheless, the impact of hormonal contraceptives on skeletal muscle hypertrophy remains elusive. In this review, we aim to present the potential implications of hormonal contraceptives on skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Ključne besede: hormonal contraceptives, estrogen, progesterone, muscle hypertrophy, menstrual cycle, resistance training
Objavljeno v RUP: 07.01.2026; Ogledov: 110; Prenosov: 13
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5. Within-session reliability and comparison in resisted sprint performance with the 1080 Sprint between belt and harness attachment pointsMatic Sašek, Nicola Reiner Volk, Nejc Šarabon, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The application of resistance over the shoulder or hips during resisted sprints could influence performance outcomes but has not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the within-session reliability of sprint performance measures and compared the outcomes of 1080 Sprint device between belt (hips) and harness (shoulders) attachment. Twelve student-athletes completed three 20 m sprints with resistance equivalent to 25% of body mass (14.0 to 24.7 kg). Sprint split times (5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m), peak velocity, and distance at peak velocity were recorded with 1080 Sprint. Within-session reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3.1) and coefficients of variation (CV), while differences in performance were analysed using paired t-tests and effect sizes (ES). Reliability was excellent for all variables (ICC3.1≥ 0.93; CV ≤ 3.08 %) except distance at peak velocity, which showed poor reliability (ICC3.1≥ 0.32; CV ≥ 17.2 %). Sprint times and peak velocity were faster with the belt attachment (ES ≥ 0.93), while peak velocity was reached earlier with the harness attachment (ES = 0.65). Both attachment points provided reliable measurements, but the belt consistently resulted in faster 20 m sprint performance. Coaches and practitioners should consider these differences when assessing resisted sprint performance or prescribing training to ensure consistent and individualized loading strategies
Ključne besede: resisted sprint, resistance, sprint performance, speed assessment
Objavljeno v RUP: 30.12.2025; Ogledov: 197; Prenosov: 0
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6. Kompetence prihodnosti v športni industrijiKlemen Širok, Elizabeta Zirnstein, Ajda Fošner, Suzana Sedmak, Barbara Švagan, Ana Grdović Gnip, Igor Stubelj, Suzana Laporšek, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Šport kot gospodarska panoga doživlja hitro preobrazbo, ki jo poganjajo digitalizacija, avtomatizacija in širjenje umetne inteligence. Ti premiki preoblikujejo zahteve na trgu dela in odpirajo vprašanja o ustreznosti veljavnih kompetenčnih mo-delov. Članek uporablja metodologijo predvidevanja potreb po znanju in veščinah (angl. skills anticipation) ter jo prilaga-ja posebnostim športne industrije. Analiza temelji na pregle-du sive literature, kot so poročila o strateškem predvideva-nju in svetovalna poročila, ter izsledke primerja z evropskim ogrodjem znanja, veščin, kompetenc in poklicev (ESCO) ter nedavnim sistematičnim pregledom kompetenc na področju športnega menedžmenta. Rezultati kažejo na dopolnjevanje tradicionalnih kompetenc, kot so vodenje, komunikacija, prila-godljivost in etična zavezanost, z novimi zahtevami po digital-nih, podatkovnih in povezanih kompetencah. Hkrati pa se ka-žejo pomembne vrzeli: kibernetska varnost, digitalna varnost in napredne digitalne veščine (npr. imerzivne tehnologije, upravljanje umetne inteligence). Ugotavljamo, da morajo izo-braževalni programi in usposabljanja v športu združevati teh-nične in k človeku usmerjene kompetence. Prilagodljive oblike izobraževanja in usposabljanja, kot so mikrodokazila, pa naj se dodatno osredotočijo na potrebne specialne veščine in kom-petence, ki so bila prepoznane kot nezadostno zastopane.
Ključne besede: veščine, kompetence, prihodnost, napovedovanje kompetence, tehnološke spremembe, športna panoga
Objavljeno v RUP: 29.12.2025; Ogledov: 163; Prenosov: 0
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7. Optimizacija oskrbe pacientov v onkološki zdravstveni negi na podlagi McGillovega sodelovalnega modelaValentina Masten, Tamara Milić, Matic Petrovič, Mirko Prosen, Sabina Ličen, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Izhodišča: McGillov model zdravstvene nege je celostni, sodelovalni pristop, ki poudarja aktivno vlogo pacienta, vključevanje bližnjih in krepitev psihosocialne podpore. Kljub uveljavljenosti v mednarodnem prostoru njegova uporaba v slovenski klinični praksi še ni bila raziskana. Namen raziskave je bil ovrednotiti, v kolikšni meri medicinske sestre na področju onkološke zdravstvene nege uporabljajo pristope McGillovega modela, ki vključujejo sodelovanje pacientov, vključevanje družinskih članov in krepitev psihosocialne podpore. Metode: V kvantitativni presečni raziskavi je bilo k sodelovanju povabljenih približno 400 medicinskih sester, zaposlenih na področju onkološke zdravstvene nege. Vprašalnik je pričelo izpolnjevati 166 oseb, od tega ga je popolnoma izpolnilo 126 (odzivnost 31,5 % glede na populacijo medicinskih sester zaposlenih na področju onkološke zdravstvene nege). Večina anketirancev je bila ženskega spola (77,8 %). Povprečna starost anketirancev je bila 37,71 leta (s = 8,07) s povprečno delovno dobo na področju onkološke zdravstvene nege 9,66 leta (s = 7,93). Analiza je temeljila le na popolnoma rešenih vprašalnikih. Podatke smo zbrali z novo razvito lestvico, ki temelji na McGillovem sodelovalnem modelu. Anketiranci so trditve ocenjevali na petstopenjski lestvici, ki meri pogostost izvajanja pristopov ali stopnjo strinjanja z izjavo. Izvedli smo eksploratorno in konfirmatorno faktorsko analizo, Wilcoxonove in Mann–Whitneyjeve teste ter Spearmanovo korelacijo. Rezultati: Faktorska analiza je potrdila tri konstrukte, ki pojasnjujejo 65,3 % skupne variance (KMO = 0,896; Bartlett p < 0,001). Empirične mediane vseh treh konstruktov so bile statistično značilno višje od teoretičnih (p < 0,001), kar pomeni, da so anketiranci poročali o uporabi pristopov McGillovega modela. Anketiranci z dostopom do pisnih protokolov ali organizacijsko podporo so dosegali višje rezultate (p < 0,001). Ugotovljene so bile zmerne do visoke pozitivne korelacije med uporabo pristopov in zaznavo izboljšanja oskrbe ter psihosocialnega stanja onkoloških pacientov (p < 0,001). Zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo, da se v onkološki zdravstveni negi pogosto uporabljajo pristopi McGillovega modela, kar pozitivno sovpada z zaznanim izboljšanjem kakovosti oskrbe. Model ima potencial za širšo in bolj formalizirano implementacijo v klinično prakso.
Ključne besede: McGillov model zdravstvene nege, medicinske sestre, onkološka zdravstvena nega, psihosocialna podpora, sodelovanje pacienta
Objavljeno v RUP: 29.12.2025; Ogledov: 169; Prenosov: 5
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8. An analysis of nurse prescribing in Slovenia and Croatia : current practices, attitudes, and future perspectivesMarko Petrović, Benjamin Osmančević, Sabina Ličen, Mirko Prosen, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: zdravstvena njega, farmakologija, zdravila, predpisovanje zdravil, medicinske sestre, Slovenija, Hrvaška
Objavljeno v RUP: 29.12.2025; Ogledov: 173; Prenosov: 0
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9. Dynamic strength index in athletic performance : a comprehensive analysis of theory, measurement and practical applicationMarko Joksimović, Ratko Pavlović, Vladimir Koprivica, Matej Plevnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background and purposeThe development of athletic performance requires a detailed assessment of the relationship between maximal strength and the ability to express it explosively. Traditional tests one-repetition maximum do not differentiate the rate of force development, which led to the introduction of the Dynamic Strength Index, defined as the ratio between force in the countermovement jump and the isometric mid-thigh pull . The aim of this paper was to present the theoretical background, methodological approaches, and practical applications of Dynamic Strength Index in order to optimize training and prevent injuries.Materials and methodsDynamic Strength Index is calculated by measuring peak force in countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull tests using a force plate. Standardization of protocols (body position, contraction duration, software processing) is essential for validity. Test–retest reliability is high (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient >0.90). Normative values vary by sport and playing position: for example, sprinters and jumpers often record Dynamic Strength Index values >0.80, while weightlifters usually show lower values (<0.60).ResultsFindings indicate that DSI is an effective tool for training individualization. Values below 0.60 suggest the need for plyometric and ballistic training, while values above 0.80 point to a focus on maximal strength development. The optimal range (0.60–0.80) reflects a balanced profile. DSI is also useful for longitudinal monitoring of adaptations, adjusting training loads, and identifying injury risks. However, variability in testing protocols, anthropometric differences, and software processing may limit its applicability and comparability across studies.ConclusionDynamic Strength Index is a valuable biomechanical indicator linking maximal and explosive strength, allowing precise programming of training and performance monitoring. Its use has already been established in elite sports, but full validation requires measurement standardization and the development of sport-specific normative databases. Future directions include phase-specific force analysis within contraction cycles, expanding testing protocols, and integrating digital platforms for automated analysis.
Ključne besede: strength, index, performance
Objavljeno v RUP: 28.12.2025; Ogledov: 166; Prenosov: 3
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10. First EST-SSRs of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (Asteraceae) revealed insights into the genetic diversity and population structure in CorsicaPetra Gabrovšek, Matjaž Hladnik, Dunja Bandelj, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Saša Kenig, Félix Tomi, Marc Gibernau, Slavko Brana, Alenka Baruca Arbeiter, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (Asteraceae) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant native to a variety of habitats across the Mediterranean region. However, genetic studies of this morphologically diverse species have been limited by the scarcity of species-specific DNA markers. To address this limitation, we generated the first de novo transcriptome assembly comprising 24,806 transcripts from young shoots containing leaves and flowers, developed EST-SSR markers, and evaluated their utility in population genetic analysis. Seventy-eight primer pairs were designed, of which 23 showed successful amplification, polymorphism, and transferability to Helichrysum litoreum Guss. and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. A subset of 12 EST-SSRs was used to genotype 270 individuals from 12 natural populations of H. italicum in Corsica (France), along with one outgroup population from Croatia. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.250 to 0.796, and Shannon’s information index ranged from 0.588 to 1.843, indicating the markers’ suitability for popu- lation genetic studies. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 15% of the total genetic variation was attributable to differences among populations. Discriminant analysis of principal components and Bayesian clustering in STRUCTURE identified distinct popu- lation clusters corresponding to geographic locations. Notably, the southernmost coastal populations were clearly differentiated from the others.
Ključne besede: Helichrysum italicum, immortelle, de novo transcriptome, genic microsatellite markers, EST-SSRs, population study, Corsica, Mediterranean Basin
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.12.2025; Ogledov: 170; Prenosov: 6
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