Iskanje po repozitoriju

Opis: Background: Suicide underreporting undermines accurate public health assessments and resource allocation for suicide prevention. This study aims at synthesizing evidence on suicide underreporting and to estimate a global underreporting rate. Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review on suicide underreporting, following a pre-registered protocol. A meta-analytical synthesis was also conducted. Quantitative data from individual studies was extracted to provide an overall global estimate of suicide underreporting (42 studies covering 71 countries out of the initial 770 unique studies, spanning 1900–2021). Most studies used retrospective institutional datasets to estimate underreporting through reclassification of undetermined deaths or comparisons across databases. Demographic and geographic disparities were also examined. Results: The 42 studies selected provided some quantitative data on suicide underreporting for general or specific populations. 14 of these studies provided data to be meta-analyzed. The global suicide underreporting rate was estimated to be 17.9% (95% CI: 10.9–28.1%) with large differences between countries with high and low/very low data quality. In this scenario, the last WHO estimates of suicide deaths – corrected for underreporting – would be more than one million (1,000,638; 95% CI: 859,511–1,293,006) and not 727,000 suicides per year. Underreporting was higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with incomplete death registration systems, such as India and China (34.9%; 95% CI 20.3–53%), while high-income countries exhibited lower rates (11.5%; 95% CI 6.6–19.3%). Contributing factors included stigma, religiosity, limited forensic resources, and inconsistent use of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Gender and age disparities were notable; Female suicides and those among younger or older individuals were more likely to be misclassified. Discussion: Addressing suicide underreporting requires improving death registration systems globally, particularly in LMICs. Standardizing ICD usage, improving forensic capacity, and reducing stigma are critical steps to ensure accurate data. Heterogeneity, geographical disparities, temporal biases, and invariance of suicide underreporting for countries with low-quality data demand further corroboration of these findings.
Ključne besede: misclassification, under-reporting, suicide, global burden, global health estimates
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 197; Prenosov: 3
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Opis: Suicidal behaviors among different age groups show epidemiological differences between countries. Specifically, suicide rates for the younger populations appear to be lower in Latin-origin countries (such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal) in comparison to other Western countries (especially Anglo-Saxon countries such as Canada, New Zealand, and Australia). The opposite seems to be true for the older population, suggesting a cross- cultural pattern for suicidal behavior in different ages. The current study replicates a study published in 1999 and compares suicide data between 1990 and 1994 with more recent data from the years 2016 and 2020 to investigate the persistence of previously observed trends. Basically, the recent years’ data confirm the patterns evidenced a quarter of a century ago, and substantially confirm the existence of suicide trends embedded with countries’ cultural factors and traditions. This investigation underlines the importance of incorporating anthropology, sociology, ethnography, and geography while studying culture-related patterns in suicide.
Ključne besede: suicide trends, cultural factors, Western countries, Latin countries, Anglo-Saxon countries
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 142; Prenosov: 2
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Opis: The concept of avoidable paths in graphs was introduced by Beisegel, Chudnovsky, Gurvich, Milanič, and Servatius in 2019 as a common generalization of avoidable vertices and simplicial paths. In 2020, Bonamy, Defrain, Hatzel, and Thiebaut proved that every graph containing an induced path of order k also contains an avoidable induced path of the same order. They also asked whether one could generalize this result to other avoidable structures, leaving the notion of avoidability up to interpretation. In this paper, we address this question: we specify the concept of avoidability for arbitrary graphs equipped with two terminal vertices. We provide both positive and negative results, some of which are related to a recent work by Chudnovsky, Norin, Seymour, and Turcotte in 2024. We also discuss several open questions.
Ključne besede: treewidth, cubic graph, NP'completeness
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 160; Prenosov: 0
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Opis: The reuse of reclaimed timber in structural applications is increasingly recognized as a strategy to extend ma- terial life cycles and reduce waste. Particular attention has recently turned to reusing reclaimed timber in adhesive-free laminated products with wooden dowels, where connection performance is critical. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical performance of double-shear connections assembled from reclaimed spruce timber using thermo-mechanically densified wooden dowels. The dowels were first evaluated in bending and embedment tests on lamellae made from both reclaimed and virgin spruce timber. The shear capacity of the connections was then evaluated in three layups: two homogeneous (all-reclaimed lamellae and all-virgin spruce lamellae) and one hybrid (reclaimed side lamellae with a central virgin spruce lamella). Analytical predictions were performed based on the draft of the new Eurocode 5, however, with two alternative definitions of dowel bending resistance (ultimate moment Mu and yield moment My), and three alternative definitions of embedment strength (f 0.05d h calculated using the 0.05 d offset method, f Fmax h calculated from Fmax, and f 0.8Fmax h calculated from 0.8 Fmax). The three lamellae layups exhibited relatively similar mean capacities (7.3–8.3 kN). The all-reclaimed connections were on average 13 % stronger than the other assemblies, but this was not statistically significant. Among the model input variants, Mu with f 0.05d h showed the closest agreement with the experimental mean values, while My with f 0.05d h led to more conservative predictions preferable for design. In both cases, excluding outliers from the embedment test results reduced overestimation in the predictions. All other input variants overestimated the shear capacity. Overall, both homogeneous and hybrid connections with reclaimed timber lamellae performed comparably to virgin timber connections and exhibited predictable mechanical behavior.
Ključne besede: reclaimed timber, wood densification, structural reuse, embedment strength, dowel connections, European yield model, Eurocode 5
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.12.2025; Ogledov: 190; Prenosov: 3
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Opis: Given a hypergraph ℋ, the dual hypergraph of ℋis the hypergraph of all minimal transversals of ℋ. A hypergraph is conformal if it is the family of maximal cliques of a graph. In a recent work, Boros, Gurvich, Milanič, and Uno (Journal of Graph Theory, 2025) studied conformality of dual hypergraphs and proved several results related to this property, leading in particular to a polynomial-time algorithm for recognizing graphs in which, for any fixed k, all minimal transversals of maximal cliques have size at most k. In this follow-up work, we provide a novel aspect to the study of graph clique transversals, by considering the dual conformality property from the perspective of graphs. More precisely, we study graphs for which the family of minimal transversals of maximal cliques is conformal. Such graphs are called clique dually conformal (CDC for short). It turns out that the class of CDC graphs is a rich generalization of the class of P4-free graphs. As our main results, we completely completely characterize CDC graphs within the families of triangle-free graphs and split graphs. Both characterizations lead to polynomial-time recognition algorithms. Generalizing the fact that every P4-free graph is CDC, we also show that the class of CDC graphs is closed under substitution, in the strong sense that substituting a graph H for a vertex of a graph G results in a CDC graph if and only if both G and H are CDC.
Ključne besede: maximal clique, minimal transversal, conformal hypergraph, triangle-free graph, split graph
Objavljeno v RUP: 16.12.2025; Ogledov: 217; Prenosov: 2
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