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4. First EST-SSRs of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (Asteraceae) revealed insights into the genetic diversity and population structure in CorsicaPetra Gabrovšek, Matjaž Hladnik, Dunja Bandelj, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Saša Kenig, Félix Tomi, Marc Gibernau, Slavko Brana, Alenka Baruca Arbeiter, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (Asteraceae) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant native to a variety of habitats across the Mediterranean region. However, genetic studies of this morphologically diverse species have been limited by the scarcity of species-specific DNA markers. To address this limitation, we generated the first de novo transcriptome assembly comprising 24,806 transcripts from young shoots containing leaves and flowers, developed EST-SSR markers, and evaluated their utility in population genetic analysis. Seventy-eight primer pairs were designed, of which 23 showed successful amplification, polymorphism, and transferability to Helichrysum litoreum Guss. and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. A subset of 12 EST-SSRs was used to genotype 270 individuals from 12 natural populations of H. italicum in Corsica (France), along with one outgroup population from Croatia. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.250 to 0.796, and Shannon’s information index ranged from 0.588 to 1.843, indicating the markers’ suitability for popu- lation genetic studies. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 15% of the total genetic variation was attributable to differences among populations. Discriminant analysis of principal components and Bayesian clustering in STRUCTURE identified distinct popu- lation clusters corresponding to geographic locations. Notably, the southernmost coastal populations were clearly differentiated from the others.
Ključne besede: Helichrysum italicum, immortelle, de novo transcriptome, genic microsatellite markers, EST-SSRs, population study, Corsica, Mediterranean Basin
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.12.2025; Ogledov: 191; Prenosov: 6
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5. Polyphenolic composition, genetic profile and in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of artichoke varieties “Strunjanska articoka”, “Romanesco” and "Violetto di Romagna"Katja Kramberger, Alenka Baruca Arbeiter, Ana Petelin, Petra Gabrovšek, Nemanja Teslić, Saša Kenig, Aleksandra Mišan, Dunja Bandelj, Alena Stupar, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In recent years, artichokes have gained attention as functional foods due to their polyphenol content and health benefits. While Italian varieties have been widely studied, the Slovenian landrace “Strunjanska articoka” remains largely unexplored. This study compared “Strunjanska articoka” with two Italian varieties, “Romanesco” and “Violetto di Romagna”, assessing genetic profiles, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and effects on lipid accumulation. The genetic analysis confirmed the uniqueness and clear differentiation of the landrace “Strunjanska articoka” from the two commercial varieties. Analysing the profiles of phenolic compounds in the leaf extracts of these morphologically different artichoke varieties underlines their unique phytochemical composition, which translates into different health benefits. “Romanesco” showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 100 µg/mL), followed by “Strunjanska articoka” (EC50 = 143 µg/mL), and “Violetto di Romagna” (EC50 = 160 µg/mL). Importantly, “Strunjanska articoka” demonstrated superior cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in HepG2 and CCD112CoN cells. It also reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, along with “Violetto di Romagna,” whereas “Romanesco” did not. These findings justify further investigation into the potential therapeutic effects of “Strunjanska articoka” and support the rationale for its cultivation.
Ključne besede: artichoke leaf extracts, phenolic compounds, antioxidative potential, lipid accumulation
Objavljeno v RUP: 06.12.2025; Ogledov: 274; Prenosov: 4
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6. Redox state is similar in subjects following omnivorous, vegan, vegetarian, and low-carbohydrate high-fat dietNives Bogataj Jontez, Karin Šik Novak, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Ana Petelin, Nina Mohorko, Saša Kenig, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Age-related noncommunicable diseases are a major health burden in developed countries, with oxidative stress being a key contributing factor. This cross-sectional study aimed to test the hypothesis that redox status among 88 participants with a particular interest in nutrition and habitually following 4 popular dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian, low-carbohydrate high-fat, and omnivorous), is similar, but correlates with diet quality. Dietary intake was assessed using food diaries, and venous blood samples were collected to measure serum total antioxidative capacity (TAC), bilirubin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)/reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and sirtuin 1 concentration, and the expression of antioxidative enzymes in leukocytes. TAC and the NAD⁺/NADH ratio were higher in the vegan group compared with the vegetarian group, whereas bilirubin concentration was higher in the omnivorous compared with the low-carbohydrate high-fat group. Other differences between the dietary groups were not significant. NAD+/NADH ratio and sirtuin 1 were positively correlated with diet quality, assessed with the Healthy Eating Index. Correlation analysis between dietary variables and redox markers revealed only a few weak to moderate associations. However, a hierarchical regression model including age, gender, and dietary variables explained 19.8% of the variance in TAC, 21.2% of the variance in the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, and 44.3% of the variance in sirtuin 1 concentration. Therefore, in healthy, relatively young participants with appropriate energy intakes, endogenous mechanisms are able to compensate for oxidative stress to a similar extent, regardless of dietary pattern. Nonetheless, overall diet quality and food selection appear to play a meaningful role in redox balance.
Ključne besede: oxidative stress, total antioxidative capacity, sirtuin 1, diet quality
Objavljeno v RUP: 02.12.2025; Ogledov: 310; Prenosov: 2
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9. Comparing the influence of early and late time-restricted eating with energy restriction and energy restriction alone on cardiometabolic markers, metabolic hormones and appetite in adults with overweight/obesity : per-protocol analysis of a 3-month randomized clinical trialBernarda Habe, Tanja Črešnovar, Ana Petelin, Saša Kenig, Nina Mohorko, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background It remains unclear whether adding time-restricted eating (TRE) to energy restriction (ER) offers additional cardiometabolic benefits, particularly in metabolic hormone regulation, and insulin sensitivity. This per-protocol analysis assessed whether early TRE (eTRE) or late TRE (lTRE), when combined with ER, additionally improves insulin resistance indexes, and cardiovascular and liver biomarkers compared to ER alone. Methods We analysed per-protocol data of 90 participants, 31 from the eTRE with ER (eTRE + ER) group, 28 from the lTRE with ER (lTRE + ER) group and 31 from the ER group. As chronotype-adapted diets have already been shown to produce better outcomes than non-adapted ones and in line with real-life behaviour, randomisation was performed on the basis of the individuals’ chronotype. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements for analysis were taken at baseline, and after first and third month of intervention. The primary outcome was mean change in body mass, while the secondary outcomes were mean changes in glycaemic markers (fasting glucose, fasting insulin), indexes of insulin resistance, cardiovascular and liver markers and metabolic hormones (adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, leptin/ghrelin ratio). Additionally, participant’s subjective appetite was also assessed at baseline and in third month of the intervention. Results We confirmed that participants who adhered to eTRE + ER for 3 months showed greater improvements in % of fat mass, BMI, and fasting glucose compared to those in the lTRE + ER and/or ER group. These greater reductions in % of the fat mass and BMI were accompanied by more pronounced decreases in leptin levels, with eTRE + ER showing larger leptin reductions than lTRE + ER or ER. Additionally, the eTRE group showed a significantly greater decrease in desire for food and greater reduction in capacity to eat than ER. However, insulin levels, insulin resistance indexes, lipid profiles, adiponectin, ghrelin, visceral fat indexes, and liver enzymes showed similar changes across all groups. Conclusions This analysis showed that eTRE + ER is more effective weight management strategy, while eTRE + ER, lTRE + ER and ER are comparable effective on cardiovascular, liver and insulin resistance markers. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05730231 (NCT05730231, registered on February 6, 2023).
Ključne besede: obesity, nutrition, metabolism
Objavljeno v RUP: 30.07.2025; Ogledov: 728; Prenosov: 14
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10. Effects of time-restricted eating (early and late) combined with energy restriction vs. energy restriction alone on the gut microbiome in adults with obesityBernarda Habe, Tanja Črešnovar, Matjaž Hladnik, Jure Pražnikar, Saša Kenig, Dunja Bandelj, Nina Mohorko, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Early time-restricted eating combined with energy restriction (eTRE + ER) has been shown to reduce fat mass, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting glucose more effectively than late TRE with energy restriction (lTRE + ER) or energy restriction (ER) alone. Given the gut microbiome’s sensitivity to circadian rhythms, we examined whether adding TRE, particularly eTRE, to ER alters gut microbiota composition beyond ER alone, and whether such effects persist during follow-up. Methods: We analysed anthropometric, biochemical and gut microbiome data from 76 participants at baseline and after a 3-month intervention (eTRE + ER: n = 33; lTRE + ER: n = 23; ER: n = 20). Follow-up microbiome data 6-months after the end of intervention were available for 43 participants. Gut microbiota composition was assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples. Results: No significant between-group differences in beta diversity were observed over time. However, changes in alpha diversity differed significantly across groups at the end of the intervention (Shannon: F = 5.72, p < 0.001; Simpson: F = 6.72, p < 0.001; Richness: F = 3.99, p = 0.01) and at follow-up (Richness: F = 3.77, p = 0.02). lTRE + ER led to the greatest reductions in diversity post intervention, while ER was least favourable during follow-up. Although no significant between-group differences were observed at the phylum level either at the end of the intervention or during follow-up, only the eTRE + ER group exhibited a significant decrease in Bacillota and an increase in Bacteroidota during follow-up. At the genus level, differential abundance analysis revealed significant shifts in taxa such as Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, and other genera within the Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospiraceae families. In the eTRE + ER, Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum increased, while in other groups decreased. Notably, the changes in Faecalibacterium were negatively correlated with fasting glucose, while the increase in Subdoligranulum was inversely associated with DBP; however, both associations were weak in strength. Conclusions: eTRE + ER may promote beneficial, lasting shifts in the gut microbiome associated with improved metabolic outcomes. These results support further research into personalized TRE strategies for treatment of obesity.
Ključne besede: eating window, energy restriction, microbiota, alpha and beta diversity, metabolic health, obesity
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.07.2025; Ogledov: 694; Prenosov: 7
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