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Abstract: Europe is experiencing a shift in timber resource availability, with a decline in softwoods and an increase in hardwoods, creating a need to explore the utilisation of hardwoods, particularly in construction, where softwoods have traditionally been predominant. This research aimed to assess the potential of using hardwood in hybrid, doweled cross-laminated timber (DCLT) fabricated with pre-dried threaded beech dowels. The objective was to evaluate the push-out resistance of beech dowels in a three-layer DCLT with spruce in the outer longitudinal layers and beech, poplar, or spruce in the cross-layer. The DCLT specimens were conditioned at various temperatures and relative-humidity (RH) levels before the push-out test. The specimens with beech cross-layer exhibited a higher push-out resistance than those made entirely of spruce. In contrast, using poplar in the cross-layer showed no considerable difference in push-out resistance compared to using spruce. Exposure to 70 °C and 10% RH for three days decreased the push-out resistance in all groups due to extreme shrinkage of the lamellae, whereas exposure to 20 °C and 65% RH for either 60 days or 240 days resulted in higher push-out resistance for DCLT with a beech cross-layer.
Keywords: DCLT, underutilised species, hardwood, dowel
Published in RUP: 12.09.2025; Views: 458; Downloads: 11
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Keywords: chemical treatments, thermo-hydro-mechanical, LCA, acetylation, furfurylation, resin impregnation, environmental impacts, densification
Published in RUP: 08.12.2017; Views: 5745; Downloads: 0

Keywords: okoljske deklaracije proizvodov, nizko ogljična bioekonomija, pravila kategorij proizvodov, trajnostni razvoj, environmental product declaration, low-carbon bioeconomy, product category rules, sustainability
Published in RUP: 08.08.2016; Views: 6811; Downloads: 66
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