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3. Evaluating the dynamics of games in a blockchain-based marketplace : final project paperGjore Janevski, 2025, undergraduate thesis Keywords: blockchain, centralized/decentralized marketplace, games, marketing, liquidity, NFT, player retention, game engagement
Published in RUP: 04.10.2025; Views: 915; Downloads: 15
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5. Fed-batch bioreactor modelingTilen Gimpelj, Aleksandar Tošić, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This paper describes an open-source computational tool developed for the modeling and simulation of fed-batch bioreactors, particularly for processes employing Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, which are integral to biopharmaceutical manufacturing. The software provides a platform for researchers and industry professionals to simulate bioreactor dynamics and investigate the impact of various operational parameters, such as nutrient supply rates, oxygen concentrations, and temperature, prior to physical experimentation. The tool enables users to generate predictions of critical variables including cell density, nutrient consumption, and product concentration profiles over time. These predictions are derived from a mathematical framework based on a system of ordinary differential equations solved using the Runge–Kutta method. A notable capability of the software is the import of experimental data and the application of the Nelder–Mead algorithm for parameter optimization, allowing for the calibration of the model against empirical findings, thereby enhancing its predictive accuracy. The software supports in silico experimentation, which can contribute to reducing the time, cost, and resources associated with optimizing bioreactor configurations and scaling up production processes. By providing a refined and adaptable framework, this instrument assists in improving the understanding of bioreactor dynamics, optimizing biopharmaceutical production methodologies, and correlating theoretical models with practical bioreactor operations. The software is available as an open-source project to promote its adoption and continued development within the scientific community.
Keywords: bioreaktor, mathematical modeling, CHO
Published in RUP: 29.09.2025; Views: 1174; Downloads: 12
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6. Is open source the future of AI? : a data-driven approachDomen Vake, Bogdan Šinik, Jernej Vičič, Aleksandar Tošić, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have become central to both academic research and industrial applications, fueling debates on their accuracy, usability, privacy, and potential misuse. While proprietary models benefit from substantial investments in data and computing resources, open-sourcing is often suggested as a means to enhance trust and transparency. Yet, open-sourcing comes with its own challenges, such as risks of illicit applications, limited financial incentives, and intellectual property concerns. Positioned between these extremes are hybrid approaches—including partially open models and licensing restrictions—that aim to balance openness with control. In this paper, we adopt a data-driven approach to examine the open-source development of LLMs. By analyzing contributions in model improvements, modifications, and methodologies, we assess how community efforts impact model performance. Our findings indicate that the open-source community can significantly enhance models, demonstrating that community-driven modifications can yield efficiency gains without compromising performance. Moreover, our analysis reveals distinct trends in community growth and highlights which architectures benefit disproportionately from open-source engagement. These insights provide an empirical foundation to inform balanced discussions among industry experts and policymakers on the future direction of AI development.
Keywords: large language models, artificial intelligence, open source, data science, HuggingFace
Published in RUP: 25.09.2025; Views: 1597; Downloads: 6
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8. Decentrilized message application running on blockchain technologies : final project paperEkaterina Bochvaroska, 2025, undergraduate thesis Keywords: distributed messaging system, digital communication, blockchain, trans actions, consensus protocols, decentralization, distributed trust, data integrity
Published in RUP: 05.08.2025; Views: 1073; Downloads: 32
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9. Bridging the question–answer gap in retrieval-augmented generation : hypothetical prompt embeddingsDomen Vake, Jernej Vičič, Aleksandar Tošić, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems synergize retrieval mechanisms with generative language models to enhance the accuracy and relevance of responses. However, bridging the style gap between user queries and relevant information in document text remains a persistent challenge in retrieval-augmented systems, often addressed by runtime solutions (e.g., Hypothetical Document Embeddings (HyDE)) that attempt to improve alignment but introduce extra computational overhead at query time. To address these challenges, we propose Hypothetical Prompt Embeddings (HyPE), a framework that shifts the generation of hypothetical content from query time to the indexing phase. By precomputing multiple hypothetical prompts for each data chunk and embedding the chunk in place of the prompt, HyPE transforms retrieval into a question-question matching task, bypassing the need for runtime synthetic answer generation. This approach does not introduce latency but also strengthens the alignment between queries and relevant context. Our experimental results on six common datasets show that HyPE can improve retrieval context precision by up to 42 percentage points and claim recall by up to 45 percentage points, compared to standard approaches, while remaining compatible with re-ranking, multi-vector retrieval, query decomposition, and other RAG advancements.
Keywords: LLM, hypothetical prompt embedding, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Published in RUP: 04.08.2025; Views: 1704; Downloads: 38
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