1. Tracking pyrethroid resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors : mutations I1532T and F1534C in Aedes albopictus across EuropeVerena Pichler, Vera Valadas, Mustafa M. Akiner, Georgios Balatsos, Carlos Barceló, Maria-Louise Borg, Jeremy Bouyer, Daniel Bravo-Barriga, Ruben Bueno, Beniamino Caputo, Katja Adam, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background With the worldwide spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, the number of autochtho‑ nous cases of exotic arboviral diseases, such as dengue or chikungunya, is increasing in temperate regions. In Europe, pyrethroids are the only insecticides allowed for the abatement of adult mosquitoes and are thus crucial for limiting ongoing arbovirus transmission. Despite this and the report of resistance rising in vector populations worldwide, information on the pyrethroid resistance status of vector populations and knowledge on resistance mechanisms is widely lacking. Genotyping of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations situated within the target site of pyrethroids, i.e., the voltage‑gated sodium channel (VGSC), and associated with pyrethroid resistance, is a cost‑effective approach to investigate the spread of resistance in a population. Herein, we describe the European‑wide distribution of two kdr mutations, i.e., I1532T and F1534C, in Ae. albopictus and evaluate their co‑occurrence with another well‑characterized kdr mutation, V1016G. Methods Genotyping of the kdr mutation F1534C was performed by allele‑specific PCR for 1732 Ae. albopictus specimens sampled in 19 European countries; for a subset of 419 specimens mutation I1532T was also genotyped by sequencing. For all samples, information on mutation V1016G was available, allowing evaluation of the co‑occur‑ rence of kdr alleles. Results Mutation 1534C was detected in nine sites from six countries at an overall frequency close to 5%. High‑ est frequencies per site were detected in Cyprus (84%) and Greece (45%). Allele 1532 T was identified in 11 sites from 7 countries at frequencies ranging from 4% to 25% per site. Co‑occurrence of different kdr alleles (1534C, 1532 T and 1016G) was observed in nine sampling sites from seven countries. Conclusions The present study offers the first map of the occurrence of the major Ae. albopictus kdr alleles across Europe and highlights a differential distribution of the two alleles most strongly associated with pyrethroid resistance, 1016G and 1534C. Our findings also point to the need for enhancing resistance monitoring in the East‑ ern Mediterranean region, where the two mutations are shown to exist in geographically close areas, with the risk of emergence of highly resistant double mutants.
Ključne besede: mosquito, Aedes albopictus, insecticide resistance, Kdr, arbovirus vector, vector control, Europe
Objavljeno v RUP: 05.01.2026; Ogledov: 284; Prenosov: 3
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2. Culturally Sensitive and Congruent Digital Learning Initiatives for Health Professions across Europe : Towards an Inclusive European Professional MobilityManuel Lillo-Crespo, 2025, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: The importance of digital education seems to have gained momentum since Covid-19 pandemic especially in the field of health professions. Since then more innovative options, new terms, frameworks and uses, introduced in this chapter, have emerged with the aim to assure at least the same quality as the face-to-face traditional educational approaches and recently by including the culturally competent perspective. This progress may contribute positively by avoiding high expenses for organizations and promoting values in digital education such as equity, inclusion and diversity recognition, even when mobility restrictions happen for any reason. The chapter presents the routing guide to developing culturally sensitive and congruent digital learning initiatives for health professionals, according to international organizations and experts, that could be applied worldwide, by outlining the experiential learning and good practices from projects conducted across Europe.
Ključne besede: Digital health, Cultural Competency, Europe, Education, [Diversity, Equity, Inclusion]
Objavljeno v RUP: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 182; Prenosov: 0
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3. Suicide-related mortality trends in Europe, 2012–2021Marco Zuin, Diego De Leo, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Aims: Updated data regarding the suicide-related mortality trend in Europe remain scant. We assess the age- and sex-specific trends in suicide-related mortality in the European states (EU) between the years 2012 and 2021. Methods: We retrieved data on cause-specific deaths and population numbers by sex for European countries from the publicly available EUROSTAT mortality dataset for the years 2012–2021. This study was chosen because 2012 was the first year with complete uninterrupted suicide mortality data for all EU member states, while 2021 was the most recent year with confirmed estimates in the EUROSTAT database. Suicide-related deaths were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes X60–X84 and Y870 as the underlying cause of death. We calculated annual trends by assessing the average annual percentage change (AAPC) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using joinpoint regression. Results: During the study period, there were 391,555 suicide-related deaths in Europe (313,835 men and 77,720 women). The age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) decreased linearly from 12.3 (95% CI: 12.0 to 12.6) per 100,000 people in 2012 to 10.2 (95% CI: 10.0 to 10.5) per 100,000 people in 2021 [AAPC: −2.3% (95% CI: −2.9 to −1.8); p < 0.001]. This decline was more pronounced among men [AAPC: −2.4% (95% CI: −2.9 to −2.0), p < 0.001] compared to women [AAPC: −1.9% (95% CI: −2.7 to −1.0), p < 0.001] (p for parallelism = 0.003). A more significant decrease was observed in individuals under 65 years compared to older individuals (p for parallelism = 0.001). Some EU subregions and demographic groups showed stagnation in suicide-related mortality rates. Conclusions: Over the past decade, age-adjusted suicide-related mortality has declined in Europe, particularly among males and individuals under 65 years old. However, disparities persist between countries and EU subregions.
Ključne besede: suicide, Europe, age, mortality rate, sex, older adults
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 224; Prenosov: 4
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4. Reconstructing the post-glacial spread of the sand fly Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908 (Diptera: Psychodidae) in EuropeEdwin Kniha, Vít Dvořák, Stephan Koblmüller, Jorian Prudhomme, Vladimir Ivović, Ina Hoxha, Sandra Oerther, Anna Heitmann, Renke Lühken, Anne-Laure Bañuls, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are the principal vectors of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). In Central Europe, Phlebotomus mascittii is the predominant species, but largely understudied. To better understand factors driving its current distribution, we infer patterns of genetic diversity by testing for signals of population expansion based on two mitochondrial genes and model current and past climate and habitat suitability for seven post-glacial maximum periods, taking 19 climatic variables into account. Consequently, we elucidate their connections by environmental-geographical network analysis. Most analyzed populations share a main haplotype tracing back to a single glacial maximum refuge area on the Mediterranean coasts of South France, which is supported by network analysis. The rapid range expansion of Ph. mascittii likely started in the early mid-Holocene epoch until today and its spread possibly followed two routes. The first one was through northern France to Germany and then Belgium, and the second across the Ligurian coast through present-day Slovenia to Austria, toward the northern Balkans. Here we present a combined approach to reveal glacial refugia and post-glacial spread of Ph. mascittii and observed discrepancies between the modelled and the current known distribution might reveal yet overlooked populations and potential further spread.
Ključne besede: Phlebotomus mascittii, modeling, Europe
Objavljeno v RUP: 06.10.2025; Ogledov: 305; Prenosov: 5
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5. AI automation and technologies within industries across Europe : current size and expected growthAna Grdović Gnip, 2025, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Opis: This paper examines the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) automation and technologies across various industries in Europe, utilizing descriptive statistics derived from Eurostat data. By analyzing the proportions of AI adoption within key sectors, the aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of AI integration in European industries. This is relevant from the perspective of its possible economic effects. The existing litareture that focuses on the effects of automation technologies on employment is rather inconsistent and inconclusive (Filippi et al, 2023). According to Bowles (2014) 54 % of European workers are at risk of substitution (by applying the occupation-based approach), while according to Pouliakas (2018) only 13.9 % of workers will face a risk higher than 70 % (by applying the task-based approach). Moreover, McGuinness et al 2021, show how 16 % of adult European workers have recently experienced a skills-displacing technological change, i.e., some changes in the use of technologies (e.g., machinery and ICT systems) in the last five years and thus concludes that several of their skills will become outdated in the next five years. Josten and Lordan (2020) predicted that by 47% of European jobs will be automatable (of which 35% are fully automatable), while 40% of them are not expected to be automated. Anyhow, the probability of automation varies considerably across industries. The service sector is generally less threatened by automation (Pajarinen et al, 2015), no matter the fact that wholesale and retail trade have a high probability of automation (Nedeloska and Quintini, 2018). Several studies conclude that (besides services) industries with a low probability of automation (lower than 40 %) include: education, health and social work, arts, sport and entertainment, management, business and finance, public administration and public utility services (Illessy et al, 2021, Yamashita nad Cummins, 2021; among others). Furthermore, this paper explores projected growth trajectories for AI usage, highlighting anticipated advancements and the potential for increased efficiency and innovation. Basically, an independent survey conducted in 2024 by the German Reichelt elektronics on the current status and potential of technologies (such as AI, ML, big data, robotics and IoT) and their use in European industrial companies shows that many European companies in the industrial sector (60%) believe that production will be fully automated in five years’ time. In addition, more than two thirds of the European industry (68%) consider automation to be essential in order to remain competitive. Therefore this paper also discusses the challenges and hurdles that may impede the widespread adoption of AI technologies, including regulatory, ethical, and infrastructural considerations, while seeking to understand the dynamics of AI implementation in Europe and its implications for future economic development.
Ključne besede: automation, AI technologies, productivity, Europe
Objavljeno v RUP: 28.08.2025; Ogledov: 661; Prenosov: 8
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6. Gender equality barriers in agriculture and life sciences in Central european universitiesVeronika Paksi, Katalin Tardos, Judit Takács, Csilla Judit Suhajda, Jana Mazancová, Štefan Bojnec, Julianna Kobolák, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The European Union aims to foster research excellence, among others, by increasing gender equality (GE) in the European research area. The mandatory introduction of gender equality plans (GEP) mobilised universities to assess, target, and monitor GE in different fields of science. A wide range of barriers have been explored in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), characterised by the low participation of women. However, significant obstacles to GE can emerge in relatively more gender‐balanced and, therefore, rarely studied fields, such as agriculture and life sciences (ALS). Experiences can differ in Central and Eastern European countries, characterised by rather traditional gender and family norms. This study explores different stakeholders’ perceptions of the main barriers of GE, with particular attention to ALS. We conducted nine focus groups (82 participants in total) with middle management, academic staff, and students from Czech, Hungarian, and Slovenian universities, aiming to contribute to the revision of their first GEP. Discussions were centred on recruitment, leadership positions, work–life balance, gender‐based violence, sexual harassment, organisational culture, integrating the gender dimension into research and teaching, and institutionalisation of GEPs. Findings revealed that women in ALS face partly similar gender‐based obstacles to their counterparts in less gender‐balanced fields—perceptions of education and career choices, work–life imbalance, and exclusion by recruitment and promotion practices—and also additional ALS‐related challenges of laboratory and fieldwork. Findings highlight the need for institutions to carefully address these areas in their state‐of‐the‐art assessments and develop sector‐specific, tailor‐made GEPs.
Ključne besede: academia and higher education, agriculture and life sciences, barriers, Central and Eastern Europe, gender equality, gender equality plans, inclusion of women, stakeholders
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.08.2025; Ogledov: 462; Prenosov: 8
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8. Geographical distribution and genetic diversity of bank vole hepaciviruses in EuropeJulia Schneider, Bernd Hoffmann, Cristina Fevola, Marie Luisa Schmidt, Christian Imholt, Stefan Fischer, Frauke Ecke, Birger Hörnfeldt, Magnus Magnusson, Elena Bužan, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: bank vole, HCV, Hepacivirus F, Hepacivirus J, zoonosis, Europe
Objavljeno v RUP: 16.07.2021; Ogledov: 5198; Prenosov: 59
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9. European levels of wild boar hybridizationLaura Iacolina, Elena Bužan, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Luca Corlatti, Toni Safner, Nikica Šprem, 2021, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: hybridization, genetic markers, Europe, Sus scrofa
Objavljeno v RUP: 04.02.2021; Ogledov: 2783; Prenosov: 12
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10. Integrative approach to Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908 : first record in Vienna with new morphological and molecular insightsEdwin Kniha, Vít Dvořák, P. Halada, Markus Milchram, Adelheid G. Obwaller, Katrin Kuhls, Susanne Schlegel, Martina Köhsler, Wolfgang Poeppl, Vladimir Ivović, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: transphlebotomus, Central Europe, autoimmunofluorescence, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, genotyping, leishmaniasis
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.12.2020; Ogledov: 3531; Prenosov: 47
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