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Abstract: This paper explores social interactions on the Adriatic network consisting of six countries surroundingthe Adriatic Sea. Using game theory, we analyze how three well-known classes of 2x2 strategic games, namely Prisoner’s dilemma, anti-coordination and coordination games, would be played on the Adriatic network. We determine all Nash equilibria, i.e., steady states, and obtain two main results. First, anti-coordination games on the Adriatic network always induce multiple (4, 5, 7 or 12) Nash equilibria that vary with payoffs and may differin efficiency. Second, coordination games on the Adriatic network have only trivial equilibria, unless a specific condition on payoffs is met, in which case two new equilibria emerge. Our findings may be of great interest for policy makers and other scholars interested in maritime pollution control and other water-related problems, as well as biodiversity conservation, as they indicate at which maritime borders (anti)coordination issues and resulting inefficiencies may arise. Knowing that, one may give special attention to the critical maritime borders and take extra care there, thus helping to prevent potential catastrophic events. Finally, our study can also be used for academic purposes, e.g., in classroom, to demonstrate how to perform a complete Nash equilibrium analysis on some real-world network which has a relatively simple structure.
Keywords: Adriatic, anti-coordination games, coordination games, game theory, Nash equilibrium, networks, prisoner’s dilemma, spatial games
Published in RUP: 20.11.2025; Views: 770; Downloads: 14
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Keywords: management, šport, koordinacija, manager, management, sport, coordination, manager
Published in RUP: 08.08.2016; Views: 6042; Downloads: 73
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Abstract: The main aim of this project was to study muscle activity patterns during steep uphill cycling (UC) (i.e., with a gradient of 20%) with (1) normal saddle geometry and (2) with adjusted saddle position ASP (i.e., moving the saddle forward and changing the tilt of the saddle by 20%). Based on our preliminary case study, we hypothesized that: (1) during 20% UC muscle activity patterns would be different from those of level cycling (LC) and (2) during 20% UC with ASP muscle activity patterns would resemble those of LC. Twelve trained male cyclists were tested on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer under three conditions with the same work rate (80% of maximal power output) and cadence (90 rpm): level (LC), 20% UC and 20% UC with ASP. Electromyographic signals were acquired from m. tibialis anterior (TA), m. soleus (SO), m. gastrocnemius (GC), m. vastus lateralis (VL), m. vastus medialis (VM), m. rectus femoris (RF), m. biceps femoris (BF) and m. gluteus maximus (GM). Compared to LC, 20% UC significantly modified both the timing and the intensity of activity of the selected muscles, while muscles that cross the hip joint were the most affected (RF later onset, earlier offset, shorter range of activity and decrease in peak amplitude of 34%; BF longer range of activity; GM increase in peak amplitude of 44%). These changes in EMG patterns during 20% UC were successfully counteracted by the use of ASP and it was interesting to observe that the use of ASP during 20% UC was perceived positively by all cyclists regarding both comfort and performance. These results could have a practical relevance in terms of improving performance during UC, together with reducing discomfort
Keywords: cycling, electromyography, bicycle geometry, muscular coordination
Published in RUP: 15.10.2013; Views: 8562; Downloads: 156
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