1. On (r,g,χ)- graphs and cages of regularity r, girth g and chromatic number χGabriela Araujo-Pardo, Julio César Díaz-Calderón, Julián Fresán-Figueroa, Diego González-Moreno, Linda Lesniak, Mika Olsen, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: For integers r ≥ 2, g ≥ 3 and χ ≥ 2, an (r, g, χ)-graph is an r-regular graph with girth g and chromatic number χ. Such a graph of minimum order is called an (r, g, χ)-cage. Here we prove the existence of (r, g, χ)-graphs for all r and even g when χ = 2 and for all r and g when χ = 3. Furthermore, using both existence proofs and explicit constructions we give examples of (r, g, χ)-graphs for infinitely many values of r, g, χ.
Ključne besede: graphs, cages, girth, chromatic number
Objavljeno v RUP: 03.11.2025; Ogledov: 92; Prenosov: 1
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2. Totally regular mixed graphs constructed from the CD(n,q) graphs of Lazebnik, Ustimenko and WoldarTatiana Jajcayova, Robert Jajcay, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The CD(n,q) graphs are connected components of q-regular graphs D(n,q) introduced in 1995 by Lazebnik and Ustimenko. They constitute the best universal family of regular graphs of prime power degree with regard to the Cage Problem which calls for determining the orders of the smallest k-regular graphs of girth g. The girths of the CD(n,q) graphs are known to be at least n+4 in case of even n, and n+5 for odd n. We propose to extend the use of the CD(n,q) graphs into the area of mixed graphs by adding directions to certain edges of the C(n,q)graphs.
In the context of mixed graphs, graphs in which the number of incident non-oriented edges is the same for all vertices, and the numbers of out-going and in-going edges are also equal and the same for all vertices, are of special interest and are called totally regular mixed graphs. In view of the special properties of the original C(n,q) graphs with regard to cages, we believe that the totally regular mixed graphs we propose to study may also prove to be extremal with regard to properties sought for in the area of mixed graphs.
Ključne besede: cage problem, girth, degree, mixed graphs
Objavljeno v RUP: 03.11.2025; Ogledov: 71; Prenosov: 2
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3. A sharp upper bound for the harmonious total chromatic number of graphs and multigraphsMarién Abreu, John Baptist Gauci, Davide Mattiolo, Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo, Federico Romaniello, Christian Rubio-Montiel, Tommaso Traetta, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A proper total colouring of a graph G is called harmonious if it has the further property that when replacing each unordered pair of incident vertices and edgeswith their colours, then no pair of colours appears twice. The smallest number of colours for it to exist is called the harmonious total chromatic number of G, denoted by h_t(G). Here, we give a general upper bound for h_t(G) in terms of the order n of G. Our two main results are obvious consequences of the computation of the harmonious total chromatic number of the complete graph Kn and of the complete multigraph λK_n, where λ is the number of edges joining each pair of vertices of Kn. In particular, Araujo-Pardo et al. have recently shown that 3/2 n ≤ h_t(K_n)≤ 5/3 n + θ(1). In this paper, we prove that h_t(K_n) = ⌈3/2 n⌉ except for h_t(K₁) = 1 and h_t(K₄) = 7; therefore, h_t(G)≤ ⌈3/2 n⌉, for every graph G on n > 4 vertices. Finally, we extend such a result to the harmonious total chromatic number of the complete multigraph λKn and as a consequence show that h_t(G) ≤ (λ-1)(2⌈n/2⌉-1)+⌈3n/2⌉ for n > 4, where G is a multigraph such that λ is the maximum number of edges between any two vertices.
Ključne besede: total colouring, harmonious colouring, complete graphs, complete multigraphs, Levi graph
Objavljeno v RUP: 03.11.2025; Ogledov: 77; Prenosov: 1
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4. Groups with elements of order 8 do not have the DCI propertyTed Dobson, Joy Morris, Pablo Spiga, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Let k be odd, and n an odd multiple of 3. Although this can also be deduced from known results, we provide a new proof that Ck ⋊ C₈ and (Cn × C₃) ⋊ C₈ do not have the Directed Cayley Isomorphism (DCI) property. When k is prime, Ck ⋊ C₈ had previously been proved to have the Cayley Isomorphism (CI) property. To the best of our knowledge, the groups Cp ⋊ C₈ (where p is an odd prime) are only the second known infinite family of groups that have the CI property but do not have the DCI property. This also provides a new proof of the result (which follows from known results but was not explicitly published) that no group with an element of order 8 has the DCI property.
One piece of our proof is a new result that may prove to be of independent interest: we show that if a permutation group has a regular subgroup of index 2 then it must be 2-closed.
Ključne besede: CI property, DCI property, Cayley graphs, Cayley digraphs, 2-closed groups, 2-closure
Objavljeno v RUP: 03.11.2025; Ogledov: 83; Prenosov: 1
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5. Primitive, edge-short, isometric, and pantochordal cyclesGover E. C. Guzman, Marcos E. González Laffitte, André Fujita, Peter F. Stadler, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A cycle in a graph G is said to be primitive from its vertex x if at least one of its edges does not belong to any shorter cycle that passes through x. This type of cycle and an associated notion of extended neighborhoods play a key role in message-passing algorithms that compute spectral properties of graphs with short loops. Here, we investigate such primitive cycles and graphs without long primitive cycles in a more traditional graph-theoretic framework. We show that a cycle is primitive from all its vertices if and only if it is isometric. We call a cycle fully redundant cycles if it is not primitive from any of its vertices and show that fully redundant cycles, in particular, are not edge short, i.e., they cannot be represented as the edge-disjoint union of a single edge and two shortest paths in G. The families Rk and Lk of graphs with all cycles of length at least k + 1 being fully redundant and not edge-short, respectively, coincide for k = 3 and k = 4. In these graphs, all cycles of length at least k + 1 are pantochordal, i.e., each of their vertices is incident with a chord. None of these results generalizes to k ≥ 5. Moreover, R₃ = L₃ turn out to be the block graphs, and R₄ = L₄ are the graphs with complete multi-partite blocks. The cographs, finally, are shown to form a proper subset of R₅.
Ključne besede: edge-short cycle, chord, block-graph, complete multipartite graph, wheel graphs, cographs, geodesic cycles, Hamiltonian cycles
Objavljeno v RUP: 03.11.2025; Ogledov: 65; Prenosov: 0
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7. Colour-permuting automorphisms of complete Cayley graphsShirin Alimirzaei, Dave Witte Morris, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Let G be a (finite or infinite) group, and let KG = Cay(G; G \ {1}) be the complete graph with vertex set G, considered as a Cayley graph of G. Being a Cayley graph, it has a natural edge-colouring by sets of the form {s, s-1} for s in G. We prove that every colour-permuting automorphism of KG is an affine map, unless G is isomoprhic to the direct product of Q8 and B, where Q8 is the quaternion group of order 8, and B is an abelian group, such that b2 is trivial for all b in B.
We also prove (without any restriction on G) that every colour-permuting automorphism of KG is the composition of a group automorphism and a colour-preserving graph automorphism. This was conjectured by D. P. Byrne, M. J. Donner, and T. Q. Sibley in 2013.
Ključne besede: Cayley graph, automorphism, colour-permuting, complete graphs
Objavljeno v RUP: 03.11.2025; Ogledov: 81; Prenosov: 1
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8. k-Domination ivariants on Kneser graphsBoštjan Brešar, Tanja Dravec, María Gracia Cornet, Michael A. Henning, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In this follow-up to work of M.G. Cornet and P. Torres from 2023, where the k-tuple domination number and the 2-packing number in Kneser graphs K(n, r) were studied, we are concerned with two variations, the k-domination number, γ_k(K(n, r)), and the k-tuple total domination number,
γ_{t × k}(K(n, r)), of K(n, r). For both invariants we prove monotonicity results by showing that γ_k(K(n, r)) ≥ γ_k(K(n + 1, r)) holds for any n ≥ 2(k + r), and γ_{t × k}(K(n, r)) ≥
γ_{t × k}(K(n + 1, r)) holds for any n ≥ 2r + 1. We prove that γ_k(K(n, r)) = γ_{t × k}(K(n, r)) = k + r when n ≥ r(k + r), and that in this case every γ_(k)-set and γ_(t × k)-set is a clique, while γ_k(r(k + r) − 1, r) = γ_{t × k}(r(k + r) − 1, r) = k + r + 1, for any k ≥ 2. Concerning the 2-packing number, ρ₂(K(n, r)), of K(n, r), we prove the exact values of ρ₂(K(3r − 3, r)) when r ≥ 10, and give sufficient conditions for ρ₂(K(n, r)) to be equal to some small values by imposing bounds on r with respect to n. We also prove a version of monotonicity for the 2-packing number of Kneser graphs.
Ključne besede: Kneser graphs, k-domination, k-tuple total domination, 2-packing
Objavljeno v RUP: 22.10.2025; Ogledov: 137; Prenosov: 1
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9. On the wreath product of signed and gain graphs and its spectrumMatteo Cavaleri, Alfredo Donno, Stefano Spessato, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: We introduce a notion of wreath product of two gain graphs (Γ_1, ψ_1, G_1) and (Γ_2, ψ_2, G_2), producing a gain graph over the direct product group G_2|V_Γ1| × G_1, whose underlying graph is the classical wreath product of graphs Γ_1≀Γ_2. By composition with a suitable group homomorphism, our construction produces a signed graph when the two factors are signed graphs. We prove that the wreath product is stable under switching isomorphism. By using group representations, we are able to perform spectral computations on the wreath product: in particular, we determine its largest and its smallest eigenvalue, and we give a description of the spectrum when the first factor is a complex unit complete balanced or antibalanced gain graph, and the second factor is circulant. Finally, when G_1 is a group of permutations of the vertex set of the first factor, and the group G_2 is abelian, we give an alternative definition producing a gain graph over the group wreath product G_1≀G_2, which turns out to be stable under switching equivalence of the second factor, when the first factor is balanced.
Ključne besede: gain graph, signed graph, wreath product of graphs, wreath product of groups, circulant gain graph, mixed Kronecker product, π-spectrum
Objavljeno v RUP: 22.10.2025; Ogledov: 144; Prenosov: 2
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10. On commutative association schemes and associated (directed) graphsGiusy Monzillo, Safet Penjić, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Let ${\mathcal M}$ denote the Bose--Mesner algebra of a commutative $d$-class association scheme ${\mathfrak X}$ (not necessarily symmetric), and $\Gamma$ denote a (strongly) connected (directed) graph with adjacency matrix $A$. Under the assumption that $A$ belongs to ${\mathcal M}$, we describe the combinatorial structure of $\Gamma$. Moreover, we provide an algebraic-combinatorial characterization of $\Gamma$ when $A$ generates ${\mathcal M}$. Among else, we show that, if ${\mathfrak X}$ is a commutative $3$-class association scheme that is not an amorphic symmetric scheme, then we can always find a (directed) graph $\Gamma$ such that the adjacency matrix $A$ of $\Gamma$ generates the Bose--Mesner algebra ${\mathcal M}$ of ${\mathfrak X}$.
Ključne besede: commutative association schemes, association schemes, Bose-Mesner algebra, equitable partition, graphs generating schemes, quotient-polynomial graphs, x-distance-faithful intersection diagram
Objavljeno v RUP: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 188; Prenosov: 4
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