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1.
Isogeometric collocation with smooth mixed degree splines over planar multi-patch domains
Mario Kapl, Aljaž Kosmač, Vito Vitrih, 2026, original scientific article

Abstract: We present a novel isogeometric collocation method for solving the Poisson’s and the biharmonic equation over planar bilinearly parameterized multi-patch geometries. The proposed approach relies on the use of a modified construction of the Cs-smooth mixed degree isogeometric spline space [1] for s=2 and s=4 in case of the Poisson’s and the biharmonic equation, respectively. The adapted spline space possesses the minimal possible degree p=s+1 everywhere on the multi-patch domain except in a small neighborhood of the inner edges and of the vertices of patch valency greater than one where a degree p=2s+1 is required. This allows to solve the PDEs with a much lower number of degrees of freedom compared to employing the Cs-smooth spline space [2] with the same high degree p=2s+1 everywhere. To perform isogeometric collocation with the smooth mixed degree spline functions, we introduce and study two different sets of collocation points, namely first a generalization of the standard Grevile points to the set of mixed degree Greville points and second the so-called mixed degree superconvergent points. The collocation method is further extended to the class of bilinear-like Gs multi-patch parameterizations [3], which enables the modeling of multi-patch domains with curved boundaries, and is finally tested on the basis of several numerical examples.
Keywords: isogeometric analysis, collocation, C^s-smoothness, mixed degree spline space, multi-patch surface
Published in RUP: 05.03.2026; Views: 645; Downloads: 32
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A ▫$C^s$▫-smooth mixed degree and regularity isogeometric spline space over planar multi-patch domains
Mario Kapl, Aljaž Kosmač, Vito Vitrih, 2026, original scientific article

Abstract: We construct over a given bilinear multi-patch domain a novel $C^s$-smooth mixed degree and regularity isogeometric spline space, which possesses the degree $p=2s+1$ and regularity $r=s$ in a small neighborhood around the edges and vertices, and the degree~$\widetilde{p} \leq p$ with regularity $\widetilde{r} = \widetilde{p}-1 \geq r$ in all other parts of the domain. Our proposed approach relies on the technique Kapl and Vitrih (2021), which requires for the $C^s$-smooth isogeometric spline space a degree at least $p=2s+1$ on the entire multi-patch domain. Similar to Kapl and Vitrih (2021), the $C^s$-smooth mixed degree and regularity spline space is generated as the span of basis functions that correspond to the individual patches, edges and vertices of the domain. The reduction of degrees of freedom for the functions in the interior of the patches is achieved by introducing an appropriate mixed degree and regularity underlying spline space over $[0,1]^2$ to define the functions on the single patches. We further extend our construction with a few examples to the class of bilinear-like $G^8$ multi-patch parameterizations (Kapl and Vitrih (2018); Kapl and Vitrih (2021)), which enables the design of multi-patch domains having curved boundaries and interfaces. Finally, the great potential of the $C^8$-smooth mixed degree and regularity isogeometric spline space for performing isogeometric analysis is demonstrated by several numerical examples of solving two particular high order partial differential equations, namely the biharmonic and triharmonic equation, via the isogeometric Galerkin method.
Keywords: isogeometric analysis, Galerkin method, C^s-smoothness, mixed degree and regularity spline space, multi-patch domain
Published in RUP: 01.07.2025; Views: 1187; Downloads: 7
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4.
The limited role of socio-ecological indicators in temporary use of space—deficits in revitalization of degraded urban areas
Matjaž Uršič, Tina Cotič, 2025, original scientific article

Abstract: Temporary use of space in degraded areas is gaining significance in spatial planning due to limitations and conflicts stemming from traditional models that overlook social (soft) environmental components. This article addresses the lack of socio-ecological indicators in contextual analyses that precede planning processes in degraded areas. Using a plural case study approach across sites in Portugal and Slovenia, it combines primary data from semi-structured questionnaires and terrain analysis with secondary sources. The findings reveal that only specific types of temporary uses foster dynamic and adaptive social networks among stakeholders. These networks enhance the social and environmental sustainability of urban areas, particularly when socio-ecological indicators are refined to account for informal practices, community engagement and cultural value. Furthermore, the study highlights how these practices contribute to social sustainability by supporting inclusive governance models and stimulating local economies. A key finding of the study is the identification of a strong link between social networks and environmental sustainability, highlighting the need to incorporate updated socio-ecological indicators into spatial planning for degraded areas. Temporary uses are not merely stop-gap solutions but also strategic tools for cultivating sustainable urban areas.
Keywords: temporary spaces, temporary use of space in degrated urban areas, socio-ecological indicators, social sustainability, urban redevelopment
Published in RUP: 12.06.2025; Views: 1331; Downloads: 18
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Safety and security in space tourism
Janez Mekinc, Iztok Bončina, 2016, review article

Keywords: space tourism, security, safety, space flight
Published in RUP: 20.11.2021; Views: 3977; Downloads: 60
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7.
The formation of a "cosmic nation". How may art and culture define space tourism : zaključni projekt
Santin Sodin, 2017, undergraduate thesis

Keywords: space, art, tourism, cosmic nation, culture
Published in RUP: 05.03.2021; Views: 3820; Downloads: 71
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Reflexivity defect of spaces of linear operators
Janko Bračič, Bojan Kuzma, 2009, original scientific article

Abstract: For a finite-dimensional linear subspace ▫{$\mathscr{S}} \subseteq {\mathscr{L}} (V,W)$▫ and a positive integer ▫$k$▫, the ▫$k$▫-reflexivity defect of ▫$\mathscr{S}$▫ is defined by ▫${\mathrm{rd}}_k ({\mathscr{S}}) = \dim({\mathrm{Ref}}_k (\mathscr{S})/\mathscr{S})$▫ where ▫${\mathrm{Ref}}_k$▫ is the ▫$k$▫-reflexive closure of ▫$\mathscr{S}$▫. We study this quantity for two-dimensional spaces of operators and for single generated algebras and their commutants.
Keywords: mathematics, operator theory, reflexivity defect, reflexivity, two-dimensional space of operators, single generated algebra, commutant
Published in RUP: 03.04.2017; Views: 3884; Downloads: 202
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