1. The Tree of Sex consortium : a global initiative for studying the evolution of reproduction in eukaryotesDaniel Jeffries, Chiara Benvenuto, Astrid Böhne, Christelle Fraïsse, Sònia Garcia, Paul Jay, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Caitlin E. McDonough-Goldstein, Aurora Ruiz-Herrera, Cibele G. Sotero-Caio, Peter Glasnović, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life that affects all levels of biology, from genomes and development to population dynamics and diversification. The first Tree of Sex database synthesized a vast diversity of reproductive strategies and their intriguing distribution throughout eukaryotes. A decade on, we are reviving this initiative and greatly expanding its scope to provide the most comprehensive integration of knowl- edge on eukaryotic reproduction to date. In this perspective, we first identify important gaps in our current knowledge of reproductive strategies across eukaryotes. We then highlight a selection of questions that will benefit most from this new Tree of Sex project, including those related to the evolution of sex, modes of sex determination, sex chromosomes, and the consequences of various reproductive strategies. Finally, we out- line our vision for the new Tree of Sex database and the consortium that will create it (treeofsex.org). The new database will cover all Eukaryota and include a wide selection of biological traits. It will also incorporate genomic data types that were scarce or non-existent at the time of the first Tree of Sex initiative. The new database will be publicly accessible, stable, and self-sustaining, thus greatly improving the accessibility of reproductive knowledge to researchers across disciplines for years to come. Lastly, the consortium will persist after the database is created to serve as a collaborative framework for research, prioritizing ethical standards in the collection, use, and sharing of reproductive data. The new Tree of Sex consortium is open, and we encourage all who are interested in this topic to join us.
Ključne besede: biodiversity, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, sex chromosomes, sex determination, database, ontology
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 122; Prenosov: 8
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3. Bridging mountains and seas : genomic and plastid data evidence for two migration routes of Drypis spinosa across the Adriatic–Ionian regionPeter Glasnović, Ivan Radosavljević, Sara Laura Šarančić, Damjan Mitić, Boštjan Surina, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Aim Amphi–Adriatic–Ionian plant taxa, distributed on both the Balkan and Apennine peninsulas, exemplify one of the many diversity patterns characteristic of the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. To better understand these patterns, we examined the genetic and morphological variability, as well as the present day and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) potential distribution of a scree-dwelling plant endemic to the study region. Location Amphi–Adriatic–Ionian region within the Mediterranean basin. Taxon Drypis spinosa L. (Caryophyllaceae). Methods Population genomics and phylogeographic patterns were investigated by analysing single–nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and plastid DNA markers. Morphometric techniques were additionally used to assess taxonomic relationships. Environmental niche modelling (ENM) was applied to evaluate potential occurrences under present-day and LGM conditions. Results Genetic data revealed concordant patterns of genetic diversity, indicating that the mountainous areas of the western Balkans harbour the highest genetic variability in D. spinosa. Historical connections were detected among populations from the Kvarner area, the central and southern Apennines, and the Scardo–Pindic Mountains. Neither molecular nor morphological analyses supported the historically proposed lower-rank taxonomic distinctions. ENM suggests a substantial increase in favourable conditions during the LGM compared to the present day. Main Conclusions Our findings indicate two primary links between the Balkan Peninsula and the Apennines: one spanning the northern and central Adriatic Sea, involving populations from the Kvarner area and the central Dinaric Alps, and another connecting the Scardo–Pindic Mountains across the Ionian Sea. This reveals a biogeographical pattern not previously documented in plants with an Amphi–Adriatic–Ionian distribution.
Ključne besede: Amphi–Adriatic–Ionian distribution, environmental niche modelling, genomics, Mediterranean, morphometrics, phylogeography, plastid DNA
Objavljeno v RUP: 25.05.2026; Ogledov: 423; Prenosov: 9
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4. Species–park networks reflect the spatial structure of urban green infrastructureEdy Fantinato, Elisabetta Zendri, Rosario Rummo, Federico Fiorin, Peter Glasnović, Giovanna Aronne, Andrea Della Bella, Marino Simone Preo, Gabriella Buffa, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: As cities expand, natural and semi-natural habitats are increasingly restricted in extent and connectivity, posing major challenges for biodiversity conservation. Urban parks, as nodes of green infrastructure, improve ecological connectivity in the urban landscape, yet their functional role in supporting urban plant communities remains challenging to quantify. This study aimed to investigate whether differences in the functional role of urban parks are reflected by their spatial location within the green infrastructure. We applied a bipartite species-park network approach to assess the role of urban parks in supporting plant species in three historic cities in north-eastern Italy. In 2024, we surveyed 57 parks, recorded vascular plant species in nested plots and measured park attributes including area, distance to the city centre, distance to other parks and tree canopy cover. Species–park networks were used to quantify the functional role of each park through park specialisation, importance, compositional representativeness, and colonisation potential. Statistical models showed that parks further from the city centre supported richer plant communities and hosted species more dependent on individual parks, while parks at intermediate distances from the centre acted as compositional links between parks closer and further from the city centre. Parks with greater tree canopy cover tended to host species that achieved comparatively higher local cover but showed reduced compositional representativeness to other parks. Our results revealed that the functional role of parks in supporting plant communities was strongly associated with their spatial location within the green infrastructure, providing insights for urban biodiversity conservation and landscape planning.
Ključne besede: bipartite network, green infrastructure, habitat connectivity, urban biodiversity, urban park
Objavljeno v RUP: 11.05.2026; Ogledov: 585; Prenosov: 12
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7. Growth, morphology and reproductive phenology of Gelidium adriaticum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from the Slovenian coast (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic)Claudio Battelli, Peter Glasnović, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The occurrence, growth, external morphology and reproductive phenology of a Gelidium adriaticum settlement from the midlittoral zone in St. Simon Bay (Slovenian coast, Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea) were investigated. The study was based on monthly sampling conducted for one year, from January to December 2023. The studied settlement was well developed in shaded rock crevices, forming dense turfs with a very patchy and irregular distribution. It was character-ized by a slight predominance of tetrasporic thalli, with a ratio between the three reproductive stages (tetrasporic:sterile:cystocarpic) of 1.19:1.04:1.00. The mean values of the morphological characteristics studied (height and width of the thallus, width of the widest part of the thallus axis, width of the apical, middle and basal parts of the erect axes) varied between seasons and reproductive stages. In general, these values were lower in the cystocarpic thalli than those in the tetrasporic and sterile stages in all seasons.
Ključne besede: Gelidium adriaticum, midlittoral, growth, morphology, reproductive phenology, Slovenian coast, northern Adriatic
Objavljeno v RUP: 15.09.2025; Ogledov: 1401; Prenosov: 6
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10. Monitoring of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and pathogen screening in Slovenia with habitat suitability modelingVladimir Ivović, Peter Glasnović, Sara Zupan, Tea Knapič, Tomi Trilar, Miša Korva, Nataša Knap, Urška Glinšek Biškup, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Katja Adam, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are important vectors of pathogens, including Leishmania parasites and phleboviruses, but their distribution and seasonal activity in Slovenia have not been sufficiently studied. This study presents a comprehensive three-year (2020–2022) surveillance programme aimed at assessing the diversity of sandfly species, their distribution, seasonal dynamics and potential role as vectors of pathogens. A total of 1,240 sandflies were collected at 43 sampling sites across Slovenia, identifying Phlebotomus papatasi, P. neglectus, P. perniciosus and P. mascittii. The highest abundance and species diversity were observed in the Mediterranean and Karst regions. Seasonal activity peaked in July, with population fluctuations influenced by climatic conditions. Molecular analyses for Leishmania parasites and phleboviruses showed no positive results, indicating a low prevalence of pathogens in the sampled populations. Predictive habitat models indicate that environmental factors, particularly temperature and precipitation, play a decisive role in the spread of sandflies. While P. mascittii has the largest ecological range, its vector competence remains uncertain. The results provide important insights into the ecology of sandflies in Slovenia and emphasize the need for continuous surveillance in the context of climate change and emerging vector-borne disease risks.
Ključne besede: sandflies, monitoring, distribution, modeling, Slovenia
Objavljeno v RUP: 04.08.2025; Ogledov: 1123; Prenosov: 10
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