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115. Proučevanje manjšin in obmejnih območij v zgornjem Jadranu - raziskovalni pristopi in problemi v luči politične geografijeMilan Bufon, 2006, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Avtor obravnava kompleksnost manjšinskih in obmejnih vprašanj, ki sestavljajo problematiko proučevanja kontaktnih območij v zgornjem Jadranu, na katere delujejo sočasno različni dejavniki in prispevajo k oblikovanju različne pojavne tipologije v razmerju družbena dominantnost-manjšina, ki vključujejo stanja mejne nacionalne manjšine, teritorialne oziroma regionalne manjšine ter urbane manjšine. Območje zgornjega Jadrana se potrjuje kot izredno zanimiv "laboratorij" za uvajanje novih modelov pri utrjevanju različnih institucionalnih in vsakodnevnih oblik medetnične povezanosti v okviru EU.
Ključne besede: politična geografija, demogeografija, sestava prebivalstva, narodna sestava, narodne majnšine, obmejne regije, Slovenija, Italija, Evropa
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 3115; Prenosov: 68
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116. Politična geografija globalizacijeMilan Bufon, 2006, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Članek najprej obravnava nekatere temeljne elemente, ki zadevajo definicijo globalizacije ter njene učinke, v nadaljevanju pa prikazuje sodobne razsežnosti globalizacije v odnosu do ključnih dejavnikov sodobnih političnogeografskih transformacij. Slednji se izražajo predvsem na področju mednarodne politike in varnosti ter na področju mednarodnih trgovinskih in finančnih tokov. Na osnovi prikazanih razvojnih procesov ugotavlja, da se političnogeografski problemi globalizacije navezujejo tudi na vprašanja koncentracije in deteritorializacije ter na centralno-periferna razmerja v svetu. Nenazadnje globalizacija učinkuje še na politična, ekonomska in družbena ravnovesja in součinkovanja med lokalno, državno in svetovno dimenzijo razvojnih potencialov in dinamik ter na možnost vzpostavitve njihovega globalnega upravljanja.
Ključne besede: politična geografija, globalizacija, mednarodna politika, mednarodna trgovina
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 2883; Prenosov: 39
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117. Geografija Evrope v šoli : iskanje temeljnega učbeniškega pristopa in izbora problemskih tem za gimnazijski učbenikJurij Senegačnik, 2007, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The geography of Europe stands out among other themes within the scope of Slovene high school (secondary school) programmes, since substantial changes to the geography curriculum are most urgent. Social change in Europe during the last decade and a half has been significant. It is not the intention of this paper to offer a definitive suggestion of changes in the teaching plan, for this is clearly a task of too great pretension, but rather to elaborate a list of current topics which, assuming that certain postulates hold, could be included in a new textbook of the geography of Europe. Before the preparation of the list this study focused on the establishment of a basic approach to textbooks from the point of view of the internal organization of learning topics that would best suit Slovene pupils and teachers. A new method of simulating textbook approaches has been employed. Pupils were asked to evaluate three textbooks with different organizational schemes of the same selection of topics, representing three textbook approaches. The first approach is thematic: topics included the relation of man and nature, environmental issues, social and political development, ethnic conflicts, etc. The other two approaches were regional. The second textbook comprised the same topics as the first one, but they were organized according to European regions (northern, western, 'Middle Europe', etc.). The third approach derived from the second; topics were organiyed not only accordingly to European regions but also with respect to individual European states with short presentations of their 'geographical context'. The latter approach was suggested by the pupils themselves during previous group discussions organized by the author of this study. The results have shown convincingly that both pupils and teachers favour this particular approach. To a slightly lesser degree the same textbook approach was also favoured by the pupils attending the secondary school Zvezna gimnazija in zvezna realna gimnazija za Slovence in Klagenfurt, Austria, where only the thematic approach is being used. The list of topics in the second part of this paper is elaborated according to a postulate that the concept of teaching geography is becoming increasingly thematic, exemplary and problem related and ought to focus primarily on current key issues. The list does not necessarily represent a selection of the didactically most appropriate topics, since this question still needs to be answered within the field of didactic theory. The selection was made on the grounds of the presence of certain topics in local and foreign textbooks from 36 European states. Most of the textbooks considered were recently published and designed for pupils of higher age. Selected topics are arranged as the table of contents of a hypothetical textbook of the geography of Europe. The complete list is too extensive to be included in a single textbook if the number of lessons of geography per year remains unchanged. That is why less important topics are specially marked. The last part of the paper discusses the question of including issues concerning Slovene interregional areas into a textbook of the geography of Europe. A review of essential Slovene textbooks of both the geography of Europe and that of Slovenia (Yugoslavia before 1991) has revealed that so far within the scope of geography as a school subject the entire theme of contact regions on both sides of the Slovene border has been reduced almost exclusively to a question of national minorities. It has been established that textbooks of the geography of Slovenia cover this particular topic much more thoroughly than textbooks of the geography of Europe. Since the latter are already overburdened with other topics it seems reasonable to continue including much of this topic into textbooks of the geography of Slovenia
Ključne besede: regionalna geografija, geografija Evrope, geografski učbenik, didaktika geografije, metodologija
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 3717; Prenosov: 37
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118. O teritorialnosti v antropologiji, pa tudi geografijiMatej Vranješ, 2007, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The paper provides a theoretical discussion on the study, use, and conceptualization of territoriality in social anthropology. The author reports that to date in anthropology the research into human appropriation or control of space and in particular the theoretical discussion on territoriality has generally been restricted to the field of ecological anthropology. In this field, the ecological-evolutionism paradigm, according to which territoriality is studied as an expression of adaptation to given natural conditions in the function of optimization of survival strategies, has prevailed. Other forms, aspects, and contexts of human appropriation of space that are frequently encountered through our daily life experiences have generally been 'concealed' under different labels and research topics and hence only seldom are the main subjects of comprehensive research. As a result, numerous non-ecological aspects of space appropriation have been absent from anthropological treatises and conceptualizations of territoriality. Therefore, the author suggests that in anthropology the expression 'territoriality' be used as an umbrella term for the denotation andbroader conceptualization of different aspects and forms of space appropriation. To support his views, he presents the instance of conceptualization of territoriality in social geography, where the topic has been dedicated significant theoretical attention and where territoriality has generally been conceptualized beyond the ecological paradigm. Furthermore, the author has determined that to date in both disciplines the discussion on territoriality focused on aspects defined as 'instrumental aspects' and 'territorial practices'. On the other hand, a relative lack of interest in different cognitive aspects of territoriality or - in other words - the aspects defined as 'territorial representations' and 'ideological aspects of territoriality' has been determined. Given that these aspects reveal the social construction of meanings or socio-spatial ideologies that frequently act in the background of concrete territorial stances, views, and behaviours, special emphasis is laid on their importance within the field of social anthropology. Among social constructions of this kind the author emphasizes the association of the identity of a given social group and a location, or of (one) culture and (one) location. In the times of global integration and supposed cultural 'hybridiyation' the relevancy of these representations in society has not diminished, which is most clearly manifest in different opinions and conflicts in relation to the justified use and control (i.e., appropriation) of given spaces.
Ključne besede: teritorialnost, prisvajanje prostora, prostorska identiteta, družbeno-prostorske ideologije, antropologija prostora, družbena geografija
Objavljeno v RUP: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 4021; Prenosov: 31
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