1. Lower-limb damping characteristics during various repetitive jumping forms : reliability and sensitivity analysisMarko Kapeleti, Marc Elmeua González, Igor Zlatović, David Nikolić, Oskar Cvjetičanin, Nejc Šarabon, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: An essential aspect of jumping performance is the ability to control impact forces. One of the key measures of this ability is the damping ratio, a dimensionless parameter that quantifies the rate at which oscillations decay following a disturbance. This study aims to assess the intra-session and inter-session reliability of damping ratios at different lower-limb anatomical landmarks and evaluate their sensitivity in detecting differences between various repetitive jumping forms, with an emphasis on establishing a specific methodological approach. Twenty-three physically active male and female students performed maximal countermovement jumps (CMJs) and bilateral (BL) and unilateral (UL) hopping (HOP). Ten wireless inertial measurement units recorded inertial data of five bilateral lower-limb anatomical landmarks. Results showed that the damping ratios during CMJ and HOPUL demonstrated good reliability, whereas in HOPBL were moderately reliable. The damping ratios of nearly all the anatomical landmarks differed between the jumping forms. CMJ had the highest values, HOPBL the lowest, and HOPUL values in between, likely due to variations in joint stiffness and amplitude displacement, as well as stretch‒shortening cycle reliance. Methodologically, using 20 repetitions in an intra-session trial and averaging left and right sides for inter-session reliability and inter-jump sensitivity, damping ratios are acceptably reliable and sufficiently sensitive for biomechanical analysis of different repetitive jumping forms. This metric could potentially be a valuable tool in developing theoretical nonlinear multibody mass‒spring‒damper models and could enhance biomechanical analysis with practical applications in sports training and rehabilitation.
Ključne besede: stretch–shortening cycle, stiffness, impact absorption, oscillation, intraclass, correlation coefficient
Objavljeno v RUP: 13.04.2026; Ogledov: 125; Prenosov: 8
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2. Occupational and non-occupational device-measured movement behaviours and low back pain : a compositional isotemporal substitution analysisKaja Kastelic, Nejc Šarabon, Michael David Burnard, Željko Pedišić, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were shown to be independently associated with low back pain (LBP). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the associations between 24-hour movement behaviour compositions and the occurrence, severity, and estimated level of LBP impact on an individual’s life. Methods: A convenience sample of 197 adults (40% females, 37 ± 11 years of age) were asked to wear an activPAL accelerometer for at least 7 consecutive days to assess their time-use composition consisting of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), light- intensity physical activity (LPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep and to complete a questionnaire on LBP and sociodemographic characteristics. Compositional isotemporal substitution analyses were conducted separately for the non-domain-specific and domain- specific (including occupational and non-occupational domains) movement behaviour compositions. Results: Reallocating time from MVPA to any other movement behaviour or from sleep to LPA was associated with a higher LBP impact score. For example, reallocating 60 min/day from MVPA to LPA was associated with on average 17 points (95% CI: 6 to 28) higher LBP impact score (on a 0-70 scale). We did not find significant associations between the domain- specific time-use composition and LBP impact score (p = 0.060). We also did not find significant associations of the time-use compositions with occurrence and severity of LBP (p- value range: 0.067 to 0.649). Conclusion: Our study suggests that LBP sufferers with higher MVPA and sleep better cope with LBP. The differences in the LBP impact scores associated with theoretical reallocations between movement behaviours may be deemed clinically important. Future longitudinal and experimental studies in population-representative samples are needed to confirm our findings.
Ključne besede: musculoskeletal health, physical behaviours, time-use epidemiology
Objavljeno v RUP: 30.03.2026; Ogledov: 224; Prenosov: 8
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3. Start detection in resisted sprinting : a validity and reliability analysis of encoder- and sensor-based methodsOskar Cvjetičanin, Matic Sašek, Živa Mesec, Nejc Šarabon, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of start detection methods for determining 5-m sprint time using a resistance device with an encoder. Seventeen recreationally trained participants completed 12 resisted 5-m sprints across two sessions. Sprint start was identified using three encoder-based methods (position, velocity [MEv], and acceleration), a rear-foot release sensor and hip-marker kinematics (KIN) as a proxy for forward center-of-mass displacement. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), typical error (TE), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC), while agreement was examined using Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman analysis. All methods showed moderate to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.54–0.93; CV ≤ 11.1%) and strong agreement with KIN (r = 0.90–0.94). MEv showed the smallest bias (−0.00 ± 0.07 s) and narrowest 95% limits of agreement, and is therefore preferred for sprint start detection in practical settings.
Ključne besede: resisted sprinting, sprint start, encoder, performance monitorin
Objavljeno v RUP: 26.03.2026; Ogledov: 244; Prenosov: 11
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5. Experiences and perceptions of a 12-week combined exercise and dietary supplement program for individuals with knee osteoarthritis : a qualitative focus group studyTina Čeh, Jernej Završnik, Nejc Šarabon, Mirko Prosen, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background Exercise program and dietary supplements are commonly used in the conservative management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and have both been shown to reduce pain and improve physical function. Combining these approaches may offer additive benefits or introduce specific adherence challenges from the patient perspective. The combination of structured exercise with dietary supplements remains underexplored, especially through qualitative approaches. This study aims to investigate the lived experiences, perceived benefits, challenges, and motivational factors among participants of a targeted exercise program combined with dietary supplementation. Methods A qualitative study design with three focus group was used to explore participants overall experiences, motivational factors, and barriers to participation immediately after program. The sample included 16 older adults with KOA (Kellgren–Lawrence grade 1–3, 14 women and 2 men). Two moderators facilitated each focus group using topic guide. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Six main themes were identified: (1) recognized effects of exercise, (2) motivators and barriers to exercise, (3) group exercise and its impact on daily life, (4) recognized health care limitations, (5) experiences and practices of dietary supplement use, and (6) perspectives on program continuation and expansion. Conclusions Participants’ experiences with the combined exercise and dietary supplementation program for KOA highlighted the importance of social support, professional guidance, and self-motivation. Barriers included physical limitations, time constraints, and psychological challenges, while reported benefits included reduced pain, improved mood, and enhanced social engagement. Participants’ tendency to perceive exercise and supplementation as separate components indicates that, in practice, combined interventions may function as parallel rather than integrated strategies unless explicitly framed and supported as a unified approach
Ključne besede: knee osteoarthritis, exercise program, dietary supplements, qualitative study, physical rehabilitation, patient experience, motivation
Objavljeno v RUP: 21.02.2026; Ogledov: 285; Prenosov: 1
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6. Disease severity affects knee range of motion but not strength deficits in knee osteoarthritis : a systematic review and meta-analysisManca Zupančič Opara, Nejc Šarabon, 2026, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Objectives: To compare knee range of motion and muscle strength between individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and healthy controls, and to assess how Kellgren–Lawrence grade and measurement protocols affect these outcomes.Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies comparing knee flexion/extension range of motion or flexor/extensor strength between patients with knee osteoarthritis and controls. Risk of bias was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Pooled mean and standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses.Results: Thirty studies were included. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with knee osteoarthritis showed significantly reduced knee flexion [MD = 16.30°, 95%CI (11.40, 21.21)] and extension [MD = 4.25°, 95%CI (2.30, 6.19)], with greater flexion loss in advanced KL grades. Knee osteoarthritis participants also demonstrated significantly lower strength across all contraction types: isometric [extensors: SMD = 0.86, 95%CI (0.57, 1.14); flexors: SMD = 0.52, 95%CI (0.30, 0.74)], concentric [extensors: SMD = 1.07, 95%CI (0.65, 1.50); flexors: SMD = 0.77, 95%CI (0.43, 1.12)], and eccentric extensor strength. Strength deficits were consistent across Kellgren–Lawrence grades, knee joint angles, and angular velocities during testing.Conclusions: Individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis present with marked reductions in knee range of motion and strength. While range of motion impairments worsen with disease severity, strength deficits are stable across Kellgren–Lawrence grades and measurement protocols. Given the very low to low certainty of evidence, results should be interpreted with caution. 1 Introduction
Ključne besede: osteoarthritis, knee, arthritis, risk factors, rehabilitation
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.02.2026; Ogledov: 291; Prenosov: 0
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8. Rate of torque development scaling factor decreased following a 6-week unilateral isometric training using electrostimulation or voluntary contractionsOlivera Knežević Milović, Nejc Šarabon, Amador García Ramos, Nikola Majstorović, Sladjan D. Milanović, Saša R. Filipović, Dragan Mirkov, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study explored the changes in the rate of torque development scaling factor (RTD-SF) and maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) variables following six weeks of unilateral isometric electromyostimulation (EMS) and voluntary (VOL) exercises. Twenty-six physically active participants were randomly assigned to EMS (n = 13) or a VOL group. MVC and RTD-SF of the quadriceps femoris of both legs were assessed before and after training. EMS and VOL exercises had identical frequency (three sessions/week), intensity (60% MVC), volume (40 contractions), and work-to-rest ratio (18 min: 6.25 s of work/20 s of rest). There were no between-group differences for the trained leg with overall increases in maximal torque (Tmax) of ~29% (d = 2.11–2.12), ~13% for RTDmax (d = 0.92–1.10); ~23% for Intercept (d = 0.72–0.78), and reduction in RTD-SF by ~15% (d = 1.01–1.10). In the non-trained leg, significant moderate change was only observed after EMS for RTD-SF which decreased by 12.5% (d = 0.76)
Ključne besede: quadriceps, strength, RTD-SF, RFD-SF, EMS
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.01.2026; Ogledov: 352; Prenosov: 0
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9. Vibration perception threshold as a method for detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy : a systematic review of measurement characteristicsDanijela Ribič, Nejc Šarabon, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), leading to sensory loss, balance disturbances, and an increased risk of ulcers and amputations. Early screening is crucial, and devices for measuring vibration perception threshold (VPT) play an important role in the timely detection and management of this condition. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of VPT measurement devices in individuals with DM. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases, including studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of VPT measurement devices in patients with type 1 or type 2 DM, with VPT compared against reference standards for DPN, including nerve conduction studies (NCS) and clinical diagnosis. Cross-sectional and case–control studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability (QAREL) tool and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies. Results: Eighteen studies were analyzed. Most studies demonstrated moderate sensitivity and specificity and an acceptable level of reliability, with results varying according to technical and methodological factors. Conclusions: VPT measurement devices appear to be useful screening tools for detecting DPN; however, their diagnostic accuracy and reliability are not uniform and largely depend on technical and methodological factors. Standardized threshold values and measurement procedures, along with further research comparing the effectiveness of different protocols, are needed to improve clinical utility.
Ključne besede: vibration perception threshold, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, screening test, quantitative sensory testing, diagnostic validity
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.01.2026; Ogledov: 391; Prenosov: 0
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10. Effects of different lifting strategies during resistance training on lower body function in untrained adult women : a comparison between 6-weeks of 10% velocity loss and standard resistance trainingMatic Sašek, Hana Golob, Nejc Šarabon, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction: This study investigated whether velocity-based resistance training provides additional benefits to lower limb performance compared to standard exercise execution. Methods: Twenty untrained adult women (37–55 years) were randomly assigned to two resistance training groups to perform resistance training with three sets of four lower body exercises per week for 6 weeks. The number of repetitions and lifting velocity differed between the groups. One group performed lower body exercises with maximal intent and a 10% velocity loss threshold termination (VB10%; n = 10), while the other group performed 10 repetitions at a standard 1:2 s concentric:eccentric tempo (STD; n = 10). The number of repetitions was recorded during the sessions. Before and after the intervention, power, muscular endurance and dynamic stability of the lower limbs were assessed using the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and power (MPP) at 70% one-repetition maximum in the squat and deadlift, the Y-balance test (YBT) and the 30-second sit-to-stand test (STS), respectively. A two-way analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of time, group, and their interaction. Results: The difference between 10 repetitions in the STD and repetitions in the VB10% was assessed using a one-sample t-test. Both groups significantly improved MPP, MPV, YBT and STS [mean difference (MD) ≥5.4%; effect size (ES) ≥0.6]. Although 2.5–2.7 less repetitions were performed in VB10%, the improvements in MPP and MPV were slightly greater (ES ≥ 1.2 vs. ≥ 0.8). Conversely, STS and YBT improved more in STD (ES ≥ 0.4 vs. ≥ 1.0). Discussion: Regardless of the lifting method used, the training intervention improved lower limb power, muscular endurance and dynamic stability, indicating that resistance training is an effective strategy for enhancing these capacities in untrained adult women. Using 10% threshold may be a more time-efficient strategy for improving lower-limb power in this population and could represent a promising approach for mitigating early declines in power over time.
Ključne besede: adult women, dynapenia, muscle performance, power, powerpenia, resistance training, strength, velocity loss
Objavljeno v RUP: 14.01.2026; Ogledov: 452; Prenosov: 5
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