1. Responsible reporting on suicide in Slovenia : are we there yet?Vanja Gomboc, Diego De Leo, Vita Poštuvan, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Exposure to media reporting on suicide can be both a risk and a protective factor, as (ir)responsible reporting on suicide can have different effects on vulnerable people. Since online media are increasingly important in everyday life, this study aimed to examine how the three most widely read Slovenian online media report on suicide. 114 online media articles published between 1 January and 31 December 2017 were included in the study and assessed for compliance with recommendations on responsible media reporting on suicide, and inclusion of harmful and protective characteristics. Different articles included or adhered to different recommendations, and harmful and protective characteristics. The correlation between compliance with recommendations, and the inclusion of protective and harmful characteristics suggests that although articles comply with recommendations, they do not necessarily contain enough protective information. The study confirms patterns observed in other studies while providing a first insight into Slovenian online media reporting on suicide. Further research is needed to confirm our findings while considering different online media. Additionally, future studies should focus on other aspects of reporting on suicide, e.g., comments under online media articles, which might also impact readers.
Ključne besede: media, suicide, reporting
Objavljeno v RUP: 16.01.2026; Ogledov: 189; Prenosov: 2
 Celotno besedilo (730,58 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
2. Correction : Poštuvan et al. A lonelier world after COVID-19Vita Poštuvan, Nina Krohne, Meta Lavrič, Vanja Gomboc, Diego De Leo, Lucia Rojs, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 444 participants completed online questionnaires at four time points: 2019 (wave 0), 2021 (wave 1), 2022 (wave 2), and 2023 (wave 3). Results: The results show significant changes in the levels of well-being and emotional loneliness over these periods. In particular, emotional loneliness increased during the pandemic, followed by a later decrease. Well-being appeared to increase after pandemic-related restrictions diminished but decreased again one year later. No significant changes concerning social loneliness and suicidal ideation were observed. 2.2. Participants A stratified sample of the general population of Slovenia was included in this study (see Section 2.1). A total of 1189 participants took part in the study at the baseline (wave 0). Subsequent waves (1–3) were marked by a level of dropout (see Figure 1), leading to the final number of 444 participants. The flowchart of the sample procedure is illustrated in Figure 1. The total dropout rate from wave 0 to wave 3 was 62.66%. Considering the whole sample, gender distribution did not change during this study. There were 211 (47.52%) female and 233 (52.48%) male participants. The age characteristics changed during the years, as the sample aged. These data are presented in Table 1. 2.4. Statistical Analysis Additionally, pairwise comparisons between social and emotional loneliness within each wave were performed using Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests. Multivariate tests were used to evaluate effect sizes (partial η2) for these comparisons.
Ključne besede: COVID-19, loneliness, mental health, well-being, suicide
Objavljeno v RUP: 22.12.2025; Ogledov: 328; Prenosov: 2
Celotno besedilo (534,44 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
3. How many people die by suicide each year? Not 727,000 : a systematic review and meta-analysis of suicide underreporting across 71 countries over 122 yearsNicola Meda, Ludovica Angelozzi, Matteo Poletto, Angelo Patane, Josephine Zammarrelli, Irene Slongo, Fabio Sambataro, Diego De Leo, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Suicide underreporting undermines accurate public health assessments and resource allocation for suicide prevention. This study aims at synthesizing evidence on suicide underreporting and to estimate a global underreporting rate. Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review on suicide underreporting, following a pre-registered protocol. A meta-analytical synthesis was also conducted. Quantitative data from individual studies was extracted to provide an overall global estimate of suicide underreporting (42 studies covering 71 countries out of the initial 770 unique studies, spanning 1900–2021). Most studies used retrospective institutional datasets to estimate underreporting through reclassification of undetermined deaths or comparisons across databases. Demographic and geographic disparities were also examined. Results: The 42 studies selected provided some quantitative data on suicide underreporting for general or specific populations. 14 of these studies provided data to be meta-analyzed. The global suicide underreporting rate was estimated to be 17.9% (95% CI: 10.9–28.1%) with large differences between countries with high and low/very low data quality. In this scenario, the last WHO estimates of suicide deaths – corrected for underreporting – would be more than one million (1,000,638; 95% CI: 859,511–1,293,006) and not 727,000 suicides per year. Underreporting was higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with incomplete death registration systems, such as India and China (34.9%; 95% CI 20.3–53%), while high-income countries exhibited lower rates (11.5%; 95% CI 6.6–19.3%). Contributing factors included stigma, religiosity, limited forensic resources, and inconsistent use of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Gender and age disparities were notable; Female suicides and those among younger or older individuals were more likely to be misclassified. Discussion: Addressing suicide underreporting requires improving death registration systems globally, particularly in LMICs. Standardizing ICD usage, improving forensic capacity, and reducing stigma are critical steps to ensure accurate data. Heterogeneity, geographical disparities, temporal biases, and invariance of suicide underreporting for countries with low-quality data demand further corroboration of these findings.
Ključne besede: misclassification, under-reporting, suicide, global burden, global health estimates
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 343; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (1,67 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
4. Suicide-related mortality trends in Europe, 2012–2021Marco Zuin, Diego De Leo, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Aims: Updated data regarding the suicide-related mortality trend in Europe remain scant. We assess the age- and sex-specific trends in suicide-related mortality in the European states (EU) between the years 2012 and 2021. Methods: We retrieved data on cause-specific deaths and population numbers by sex for European countries from the publicly available EUROSTAT mortality dataset for the years 2012–2021. This study was chosen because 2012 was the first year with complete uninterrupted suicide mortality data for all EU member states, while 2021 was the most recent year with confirmed estimates in the EUROSTAT database. Suicide-related deaths were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes X60–X84 and Y870 as the underlying cause of death. We calculated annual trends by assessing the average annual percentage change (AAPC) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using joinpoint regression. Results: During the study period, there were 391,555 suicide-related deaths in Europe (313,835 men and 77,720 women). The age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) decreased linearly from 12.3 (95% CI: 12.0 to 12.6) per 100,000 people in 2012 to 10.2 (95% CI: 10.0 to 10.5) per 100,000 people in 2021 [AAPC: −2.3% (95% CI: −2.9 to −1.8); p < 0.001]. This decline was more pronounced among men [AAPC: −2.4% (95% CI: −2.9 to −2.0), p < 0.001] compared to women [AAPC: −1.9% (95% CI: −2.7 to −1.0), p < 0.001] (p for parallelism = 0.003). A more significant decrease was observed in individuals under 65 years compared to older individuals (p for parallelism = 0.001). Some EU subregions and demographic groups showed stagnation in suicide-related mortality rates. Conclusions: Over the past decade, age-adjusted suicide-related mortality has declined in Europe, particularly among males and individuals under 65 years old. However, disparities persist between countries and EU subregions.
Ključne besede: suicide, Europe, age, mortality rate, sex, older adults
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 249; Prenosov: 4
Celotno besedilo (741,34 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
5. Revisiting cultural issues in suicide rates : the case of Western countriesDiego De Leo, Mujde Altin, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Suicidal behaviors among different age groups show epidemiological differences between countries. Specifically, suicide rates for the younger populations appear to be lower in Latin-origin countries (such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal) in comparison to other Western countries (especially Anglo-Saxon countries such as Canada, New Zealand, and Australia). The opposite seems to be true for the older population, suggesting a cross- cultural pattern for suicidal behavior in different ages. The current study replicates a study published in 1999 and compares suicide data between 1990 and 1994 with more recent data from the years 2016 and 2020 to investigate the persistence of previously observed trends. Basically, the recent years’ data confirm the patterns evidenced a quarter of a century ago, and substantially confirm the existence of suicide trends embedded with countries’ cultural factors and traditions. This investigation underlines the importance of incorporating anthropology, sociology, ethnography, and geography while studying culture-related patterns in suicide.
Ključne besede: suicide trends, cultural factors, Western countries, Latin countries, Anglo-Saxon countries
Objavljeno v RUP: 18.12.2025; Ogledov: 246; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (226,42 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
6. Qualitative content analysis of COVID-19’s role in suicide attempts leading to hospital careMartina Mravlja, Anthony Pisani R., Annamarie Bailey, Nicola Meda, Alexandre Paim-Diaz, Kristina Zurich, Kenneth Conner, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide risk has been documented during the acute phase, but less is known about people who attempted suicide during the post-acute period. This study investigates how adults who attempted suicide during the post-acute pandemic period (2021–2023) understood COVID-19’s role in their attempt. Method: We analyzed interview data from 329 adults (59% female; 41% male), enrolled following a recent suicide attempt between 2021 and 2023. Participants were asked about the general impact of COVID-19 on their lives and then specifically about whether stress related to COVID-19 was a primary reason for their attempt or contributed to their suicidal thoughts. Results: When asked about their recent attempt, 11% of participants identified stress related to COVID-19 as the primary reason for their attempt, and an additional 23% indicated it contributed to their suicidal thoughts. When describing general impacts, participants reported effects across multiple domains: social isolation, physical health concerns, mental health impacts, and economic effects. Discussion: The attribution of suicide attempts to COVID-19-related stress during the post-acute period highlights the extended impact of public health crises on vulnerable individuals. These findings emphasize the need for sustained, integrated medical and mental healthcare following such crises.
Ključne besede: suicide, COVID-19, pandemic mental health, loneliness, isolation, healthcare, stress, prevention
Objavljeno v RUP: 17.12.2025; Ogledov: 288; Prenosov: 5
Celotno besedilo (251,11 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
7. A lonelier world after COVID-19 : longitudinal population-based study of well-being, emotional and social loneliness, and suicidal behaviour in SloveniaVita Poštuvan, Nina Krohne, Meta Lavrič, Vanja Gomboc, Diego De Leo, Lucia Rojs, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background and Objectives: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) goes beyond the consequences of the infectious disease, especially as the measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus have had a very profound impact on people’s social relationships and everyday lives. Several studies have investigated these effects, but there is a lack of longitudinal studies in Central Europe. Objective: The aim of our study was to observe changes in well-being, loneliness, and suicidal behaviour before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using the same population-based cohort. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 444 participants completed online questionnaires at four time points: 2019 (wave 0), 2021 (wave 1), 2022 (wave 2), and 2023 (wave 3). Results: The results show significant changes in the levels of well-being and emotional loneliness over these periods. In particular, emotional loneliness increased during the pandemic, followed by a later decrease. Well-being appeared to increase after pandemic-related restrictions diminished but decreased again one year later. No significant changes concerning social loneliness and suicidal ideation were observed. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people perceive their well-being and especially their relationships with others. From the data, we can conclude that people’s worldview is now lonelier than before the pandemic.
Ključne besede: COVID-19, loneliness, mental health, well-being, suicide
Objavljeno v RUP: 20.10.2025; Ogledov: 470; Prenosov: 9
Celotno besedilo (624,62 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
8. Towards development of guidelines for harnessing implementation science for suicide prevention : an international Delphi expert consensus studySadhvi Krishnamoorthy, Gregory Armstrong, Victoria Ross, Lennart Reifels, Hayley Purdon, Jillian Francis, Jacinta L. Hawgood, Sharna Mathieu, Alexandr Kasal, Allison Crawford, Vita Poštuvan, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Objectives Suicide research and prevention are complex. Many practical, methodological and ethical challenges must be overcome to implement effective suicide prevention interventions. Implementation science can offer insights into what works, why and in what context. Yet, there are limited real-world examples of the application of implementation science in suicide prevention. This study aimed to identify approaches to employ principles of implementation science to tackle important challenges in suicide prevention. Methods A questionnaire about promoting implementation science for suicide prevention was developed through thematic analysis of stakeholder narratives. Statements were categorised into six domains: research priorities, practical considerations, approach to intervention design and delivery, lived experience engagement, dissemination and the way forward. The questionnaire (n=52 statements—round 1; n=44 statements—round 2; n=9 statements—round 3) was administered electronically to a panel (n=62—round 1, n=48—round 2; n=45—round 3) of international experts (suicide researchers, leaders, project team members, lived experience advocates). Statements were rated on a Likert scale based on an understanding of importance and priority of each item. Statements endorsed by at least 85% of the panel would be included in the final guidelines. Results Eighty-two of the 90 statements were endorsed. Recommendations included broadening research inquiries to understand overall programme impact; accounting for resources in the translation of evidence into practice; embedding implementation science in intervention delivery and design; meaningfully engaging lived experience; considering channels for dissemination of implementation-related findings and focusing on next steps needed to routinely harness the strengths of implementation science in suicide prevention research, practice and training. Conclusion An interdisciplinary panel of suicide prevention experts reached a consensus on optimal strategies for using implementation science to enhance the effectiveness of policies and programmes aimed at reducing suicide.
Ključne besede: suicide prevention, Delphi expert consensus method, implementation science
Objavljeno v RUP: 26.09.2025; Ogledov: 480; Prenosov: 4
Celotno besedilo (1,31 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
9. |
10. |
